<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-971X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CES Odontología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CES odontol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-971X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad CES - Facultad de Odontología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-971X2019000200017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21615/cesodon.32.2.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cervical Extraoral Traction Therapy in Early Treatment of Class II Malocclusion. A systematic review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Terapia de tracción extraoral cervical en el tratamiento temprano de la maloclusión de clase II. Una revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Terapia de Tração Extraoral Cervical no Tratamento Precoce da Maloclusão Classe II. Uma revisão sistemática]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yepes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zulma Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botero-Mariaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-971X2019000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-971X2019000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-971X2019000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction and objective:  Cervical headgear has been used for decades as a treatment of class II malocclusion. Although the effects have been reported previously they are somewhat contradictory. The objective was to determine the available scientific evidence that supports the parameters of clinical use for therapy with cervical extraoral traction in early treatment for class II malocclusion.  Materials and methods:  A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Lilacs data-bases. The search involved articles in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and German using previously selected MeSH terms and free-text terms. The search included articles dealing with cervical extraoral traction treatment, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, clinical trials, and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Methodological quality was evaluated using various scales according to the type of study.  Results:  The search generated 334 articles, 259 were eliminated because they were duplicates, and 34 were eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. 41 articles were evaluated in full text, 21 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving a total of 20 articles.  Conclusions:  The articles offered varied, yet clear, recommendations. According to the literature and clinical judgment, treatment timing is recommended during the pubertal growth spurt. The most efficient force is 450 to 500g per side for 12 to 14 hours per day. A long outer bow bent 15o degrees upward should be used in patients with normal and hypodivergent patterns. Maxillary growth control depends on age, force, treatment duration, etc. Changes in overjet can be expected due to changes in dental inclination, growth, or the use of additional appliances; an average molar distalization of 1 mm to 2 mm can be achieved.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción y objetivo:  La Tracción cervical se ha utilizado durante décadas como tratamiento para la maloclusión de clase II. Aunque los efectos se han informado previamente, son algo contradictorios. El objetivo fué determinar la evidencia científica disponible que respalde los parámetros de uso clínico para la terapia con tracción extraoral cervical en el tratamiento temprano de la maloclusión de clase II.  Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática utilizando las bases de datos Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane y Lilacs. La búsqueda incluyó artículos en inglés, español, portugués y alemán utilizando términos MeSH previamente seleccionados y términos de texto libre. La búsqueda incluyó artículos relacionados con el tratamiento de tracción extraoral cervical, revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis, ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohortes, casos y controles y estudios transversales. La calidad metodológica se evaluó utilizando varias escalas según el tipo de estudio.  Resultados: La búsqueda generó 334 artículos, 259 fueron eliminados porque eran duplicados y 34 fueron eliminados porque no cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se evaluaron 41 artículos en texto completo, se excluyeron 21 porque no cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, dejando un total de 20 artículos.  Conclusiones:  Los artículos ofrecieron recomendaciones variadas, pero claras. De acuerdo con la literatura y el juicio clínico, se recomienda el momento del tratamiento durante el período de crecimiento puberal. La fuerza más eficiente es de 450 a 500 g por lado durante 12 a 14 horas por día. Se debe usar un arco externo largo doblado 15 grados hacia arriba en pacientes con patrones normales e hipodivergentes. El control del crecimiento maxilar depende de la edad, la fuerza, la duración del tratamiento, etc. Se pueden esperar cambios en la sobrecarga debido a cambios en la inclinación dental, el crecimiento o el uso de aparatos adicionales. Se puede lograr una distalización molar promedio de 1 mm a 2 mm.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução e objetivo:  A tração cervical tem sido utilizada como tratamento da má oclsão de classe II. Embora os efeitos tenham sido relatados anteriormente, eles são contraditórios. O objetivo foi determinar as evidências científicas disponíveis que suportamos parâmetros de uso clínico para terapia com tração extraoral cervical no tratamentoprecoce da má oclusão de classe II.  Materiais e métodos:  Uma pesquisa sistemática foirealizada usando Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane e Lilacs. Foram incluidos artigos em inglês, espanhol, português e alemão, usando termos MeSH selecionados anteriormente e termos de texto livre. A pesquisa incluiu artigos que tratavam do tratamento da tração extraoral cervical, revisões sistemáticas, meta-análise, ensaios clínicos e estudos de coorte, caso-controle e transversais. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada usando várias escalas de acordo com o tipo de estudo.  Resultados:  a busca gerou 334 artigos, 259 foram eliminados por serem duplicados e 34 foram eliminados por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. 41 artigos foram avaliados em texto completo, 21 foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão, totalizando 20 artigos.  Conclusões:  Os artigos oferecidos apresentaram recomendações variadas, porém claras. De acordo com a literatura e o julgamento clínico, o momento do tratamento é recomendado durante o surto de crescimento puberal. A força mais eficiente é de 450 a 500g por lado, durante 12 a 14 horas por dia. Um arco externo longo e dobrado de 15 graus deve ser usado em pacientes com padrões normais e hipodivergentes. O controle do crescimento maxilar depende da idade, força, duração do tratamento, etc. Alterações no overjet podem ser esperadas devido a alterações na inclinação dentária, crescimento ou uso de aparelhos adicionais; uma distalização molar média de 1 mm a 2 mm pode ser alcançada.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cervical extraoral traction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[class II malocclusion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tracción extraoral cervical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[maloclusión clase II]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratamiento temprano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tração extraoral cervical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[má oclusão classe II]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tratamento precoce]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enemark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of cervical anchorage studied by the implant method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<page-range>435-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieslander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of force on craniofacial development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumrind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molthen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mandibular plane changes during maxillary retraction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>32-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of cervical anchorage during and after treatment: an implant study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>526-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tulloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proffit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influences on the outcome of early treatment for Class II malocclusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>533-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tulloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proffit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Benefit of early Class II treatment: progress report of a two-phase randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>62-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurmerinta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haavikko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Orthopedic cervical headgear with an expanded inner bow in class II correction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>317-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henriques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JFC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pupulim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of cervical headgear appliance: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dent Press J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>76-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirttiniemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kantomaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mäntysaari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pykäläinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krusinskiene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laitala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology: an 8 year report of a randomized study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>429-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papageorgiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kutschera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Memmert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gölz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jäger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourauel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of early orthopaedic treatment with headgear: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>176-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumrind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaacson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molthen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantitative analysis of the orthodontic and orthopedic effects of maxillary traction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>384-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubbard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Currier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A cephalometric evaluation of nonextraction cervical headgear treatment in Class II malocclusions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>359-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wheeler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garvan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabassa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antero- posterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>40-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sayinsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of cervical headgear and lower utility arch in the control of the vertical dimension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>492-501</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones. versión 5.1.0]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jadad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavaghan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Control Clin Trials]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS ONE]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<edition>12</edition>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elorza-Ricart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M-D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[[A tool (corrected) for the critical appraisal of epidemiological cross-sectional studies]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gac Sanit SESPAS]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>492-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alió-Sanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias-Conde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo-Pernía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias-Linares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano-Reina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects on the maxilla and cranial base caused by cervical headgear: a longitudinal study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Oral Patol Oral Cirugía Bucal]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>e845-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bondemark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraoral vs intraoral appliance for distal movement of maxillary first molars: a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>699-706</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalwitzki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Göz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retrospective analysis of casts to assess cervical headgear treatment in the presence of vertical growth pattern]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Kieferorthopädie OrganOfficial J Dtsch Ges Für Kieferorthopädie]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>230-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalwitzki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Göz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Effects of cervical headgear on overbite against the background of existing growth patterns. A retrospective analysis of study casts]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>42-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berneburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalwitzki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Göz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cephalometric analysis of molar and anterior tooth movement during cervical headgear treatment in relation to growth patterns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Kieferorthopädie OrganOfficial J Dtsch Ges Für Kieferorthopädie]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>189-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haavikko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in dental arch dimensions by use of an orthopedic cervical headgear in Class II correction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>59-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maxillary expansion in Class II correction with orthopedic cervical headgear. A posteroanterior cephalometric study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>281-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurmerinta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirjavainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facial profile changes in early Class II correction with cervical headgear]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<edition>6</edition>
<page-range>960-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopecky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fishman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Timing of cervical headgear treatment based on skeletal maturation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>162-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RMA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Oliveira Ruellas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mandibular changes in skeletal class II patients treated with Kloehn cervical headgear]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>83-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RMA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Oliveira Ruellas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Longitudinal study of antero- posterior and vertical maxillary changes in skeletal class II patients treated with Kloehn cervical headgear]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>187-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laganà]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cozza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of cervical headgear and pendulum appliance on vertical dimension in growing subjects: a retrospective controlled clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>338-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mäntysaari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kantomaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirttiniemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pykäläinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology: a report of a 2 year randomized study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>59-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distal molar movement with Kloehn headgear: is it stable?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>374-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varlik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iscan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of cervical headgear with an expanded inner bow in the permanent dentition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>425-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kloehn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation Of Cervical Anchorage Force In Treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>91-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cervical Anchorage in Class II, Division I Treatment, A Cephalometric Appraisal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<edition>2</edition>
<page-range>98-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tulloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proffit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of early intervention on skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>391-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The correlation of facial growth with body height and skeletal maturation at adolescence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>44-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yepes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimal force for maxillary protraction facemask therapy in the early treatment of class III malocclusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Orthod]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<edition>5</edition>
<page-range>586-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BeGole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control of the vertical dimension in Class II correction using a cervical headgear and lower utility arch in growing patients. Part I]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>376-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A cephalometric evaluation of high-pull molar headgear and face-bow neck strap therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<edition>6</edition>
<page-range>621-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boecler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TenHave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Skeletal changes associated with extraoral appliance therapy: an evaluation of 200 consecutively treated cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Angle Orthod]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>263-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boatwright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Single arch treatment with the Kloehn headgear: A cephalometric evaluation. [unpublished Master&#8217;s Thesis]. Department of Orthodontics]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Louis University ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cangialosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meistrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A cephalometric appraisal of edgewise Class II nonextraction treatment with extraoral force]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<page-range>315-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghafari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shofer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobsson-Hunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Headgear versus function regulator in the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<edition>1</edition>
<page-range>51-61.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
