<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-9957</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-9957</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología  ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-99572018000100041</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22516/25007440.230</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Probióticos en diarrea aguda, asociada a antibióticos y nosocomial: evidencia en pediatría]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Probiotics in Acute, Antibiotic-associated and Nosocomial Diarrhea: Evidence in Pediatrics]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada Bustos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera Chamorro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes PediAFe, grupo de investigación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C.]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C.]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-99572018000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-99572018000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-99572018000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  los probióticos son microorganismos vivos que, administrados en cantidades adecuadas, proveen una acción benéfica en el ser humano. Existen numerosos estudios acerca de su uso en enfermedad diarreica en pediatría, por lo que se hace necesario evaluar la evidencia.  Métodos:  se realizó una revisión de la literatura incluyendo solo metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas en los últimos 10 años acerca del uso de probióticos en diarrea aguda, diarrea asociada a antibióticos y Clostridium difficile, y diarrea nosocomial.  Resultados:  en diarrea aguda, los metaanálisis muestran disminución de la duración en un día (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%; 15,9 a 33,6 horas) y disminución del riesgo de prolongación en los siguientes 4 y 7 días, con recomendaciones fuertes y evidencia moderada para Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG y Saccharomyces boulardii. En diarrea asociada a antibióticos y a C. difficile, los metaanálisis mostraron reducción del riesgo entre el 50% y 60%, con recomendación fuerte para L. rhamnosus GG y S. boulardii con un número necesario a tratar (NNT) de 10 (IC 95%; 7-12). En diarrea nosocomial, se encontró evidencia moderada con el uso de L. rhamnosus GG, principalmente en reducción del riesgo de gastroenteritis sintomática por rotavirus. Sin evidencia suficiente para dar recomendación para las cepas Streptococcus thermophilus y Bifidobacterium bifidum.  Conclusión:  solo existe evidencia con los probióticos L. rhamnosus GG y S. boulardii en reducción de la duración y disminución del riesgo de prolongación de diarrea aguda, así como reducción del riesgo entre 50% y 60% de diarrea asociada a antibióticos. Existe evidencia moderada con L. rhamnosus GG, en la reducción de riesgo de diarrea nosocomial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, provide beneficial action in humans. There are numerous studies about their use to treat diarrhea in pediatrics, so it is necessary to evaluate the evidence.  Methods: We reviewed metaanalyses and systematic reviews in the last ten years about the use of probiotics to treat acute diarrhea, diarrhea associated with antibiotics and Clostridium difficile and nosocomial diarrhea.  Results: Metaanalyses show that treatment of acute diarrhea with probiotics decreases duration by one day (95% CI: 15.9 to 33.6 hours) and reduces a risk of prolongation in the following four to seven days. They provide strong recommendations with moderate evidence for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. For diarrhea associated with antibiotics and Clostridium difficile, meta-analyses show risk reduction of between 50% and 60%, with strong recommendations for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii with an NNT of 10 (95% CI: 7 to 12). For nosocomial diarrhea, moderate evidence was found for the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, mainly in reducing the risk of symptomatic gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. Currently, sufficient evidence does not exist to give recommendation for strains S. thermophiles and B. bifidum.  Conclusion: For reducing the duration and reducing the risk of prolongation of acute diarrhea, evidence exists only for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. In addition, they reduce the risk of diarrhea associated with antibiotics by 50% to 60%. There is moderate evidence that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces the risk of nosocomial diarrhea.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Probióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diarrea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infección hospitalaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Probiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diarrhea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hospital infections]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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