<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-9957</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-9957</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología  ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-99572020000300319</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22516/25007440.446</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Elevación de las aminotransferasas: una nueva herramienta para el diagnóstico de coledocolitiasis. Un estudio de casos y controles]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Elevated transaminases: a new tool for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. A case control study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yurgaky-Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero-Regino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Zuleta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>319</fpage>
<lpage>328</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-99572020000300319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-99572020000300319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-99572020000300319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  la coledocolitiasis (CDL) afecta al 10 % de los pacientes con cálculos en la vesícula biliar. La obstrucción del colédoco se asocia a pancreatitis, colangitis y ruptura del colédoco. Clásicamente, la obstrucción biliar es considerada cuando se aumentan la fosfatasa alcalina, la &#947;-glutamil-transpeptidasa (GGTP) y las bilirrubinas. En la última década, se ha encontrado que hasta un 10 % de los pacientes con CDL presentan elevaciones de las aminotransferasas. En Latinoamérica, no se ha estudiado esta alteración. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de la elevación de transaminasas y su evolución.  Metodología:  estudio de casos y controles. Se determinó la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) al ingreso, a las 48 h y a las 72 h. Si la ecografía era normal, se realizó una colangiorresonancia o una ecoendoscopia, así como una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) cuando fue necesario.  Resultados: se incluyeron 72 pacientes con CDL (casos) y 128 con colecistitis, sin CDL (controles). En los casos, el 83 % tuvo un aumento de ALT, mientras que el 56,9 % presentó una elevación de 2-9 veces, el 16 %, de 10-20 veces, y el 8,3 % mostró una elevación &gt;20 veces. En contraste, a las 48 h, las ALT descendieron al 30 % y a las 72 h al 56 %. Entre tanto, en los controles hubo un aumento de ALT en el 27,3 %, mientras que en el 15,6 % se observó una elevación de 2-9 veces, en el 7,8 %, de 10-20 veces, y &gt;20 veces en el 2,9 %. La combinación de cólico biliar y la elevación de ALT tuvo un valor predictivo positivo (VPP) para CDL del 72 %, así como un valor predictivo negativo (VPN) del 87,7 %.  Conclusión:  cuando hay un cólico biliar y una elevación de ALT es imperativo descartar una CDL, y si la ecografía es normal, es necesario realizar una colangiorresonancia o una ecoendoscopia biliopancreática.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Choledocolithiasis (CLD) affects 10% of patients with gallstones. Bile duct obstruction is associated with pancreatitis, cholangitis, and rupture of the common bile duct. This condition usually presents with increased alkaline phosphatase, GGTP and bilirubin levels. In the last decade, it has been found that up to 10% of patients with CLD have elevated aminotransferases levels. In Latin America, this alteration has not been studied. The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of transaminase elevation and its evolution.  Methodology:  Case-control study. ALT was measured on admission, at 48 h and at 72 h. If ultrasound was normal, MRCP and/or echo-endoscopy and ERCP were performed, as appropriate.  Results:  A total of 72 patients with choledocholithiasis (CLD) (cases) and 128 with cholecystitis without choledocholithiasis (controls) were included. Among the cases, 83% had increased ALT levels, which was 2-9 times higher in 56.9%, 10-20 times higher in 16%, and more than 20 times higher in 8.3%. At 48 hours, those levels decreased by 30% and at 72 hours by 56%. In turn, in 27.3% of the controls, ALT was 2-9 times higher in 15.6%, 10-20 times higher in 7.8% and more than 20 times higher in 2.9%. The combination of biliary colic and ALT elevation had a positive predictive value (PPV) for CLD of 72% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.7%.  Conclusion:  When biliary colic and ALT elevation are reported, it is imperative to rule out choledocholithiasis. If the ultrasound is normal, MRCP and/or biliopancreatic endoscopy should be performed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Coledocolitiasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aminotransferasas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cólico biliar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Choledocholithiasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aminotransferases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biliary colic]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>ASGE Standards of Practice Committee</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of endoscopy in the evaluation of suspected choledocholithiasis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maple]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Menachem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appalaneni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banerjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikenberry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strohmeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tozatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frazon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictor factors for choledocholithiasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arq Bras Cir Dig]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>109-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Choledocholithiasis: Diagnosis and Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tech Vasc Interv Radiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>244-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictores de coledocolitiasis en pacientes sometidos a colangiografía retrógrada endoscópica en el Hospital El Tunal de Bogotá]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>243-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frossard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection and management of bile duct stones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>808-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>ASGE Standards of Practice Committee</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complications of ERCP]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appalaneni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Menachem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Early]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikenberry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maple]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shergill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>467-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaBarre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coté]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmunzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An assessment of existing risk stratification guidelines for the evaluation of patients with suspected choledocholithiasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Endosc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>4613-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portincasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DQ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gallstones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Podolsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camilleri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalloo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shanahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Yamada&#8217;s Textbook of Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>6a</edition>
<page-range>1808-34</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chichester ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley and Sons Ltda]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bangaru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sreenarasimhaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Severe Elevation of Liver Tests in Choledocholithiasis: An Uncommon Occurrence With Important Clinical Implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>728-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical characteristics of acute cholecystitis with elevated liver enzymes not associated with choledocholithiasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>452-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Choledocholithiasis presenting with very high transaminase level]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2012</volume>
<page-range>bcr2012007268</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: prospective cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>328</volume>
<numero>7446</numero>
<issue>7446</issue>
<page-range>983</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckingham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Sayed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurusamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sturgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Updated guideline on the management of common bile duct stones (CBDS)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>765-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nathwani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marked elevation in serum transaminases: an atypical presentation of choledocholithiasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>295-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wamsteker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kubiliun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piraka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waljee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmunzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting the likelihood of a persistent bile duct stone in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis: accuracy of existing guidelines and the impact of laboratory trends]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastrointest Endosc]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>88-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical presentations of patients from different age cohorts with biliary tract stone diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1614-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinicopathological features of choledocholithiasis patients with high aminotransferase levels without cholangitis: Prospective comparative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine (Baltimore)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belenky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gideon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of aging on the adult extrahepatic bile duct: a sonographic study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ultrasound Med]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>879-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barthet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Affriat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berthezene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of age and biliary lithiasis on the diameter of the common bile duct]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterol Clin Biol]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>156-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mossberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serum enzyme activities following morphine. A study of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels in normal persons and those with gallbladder disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Intern Med]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>429-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liver cell necrosis: cellular mechanisms and clinical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>252-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spivey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bronk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Glycochenodeoxycholate-induced lethal hepatocellular injury in rat hepatocytes. Role of ATP depletion and cytosolic free calcium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Invest]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginsberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Very high levels of SGOT and LDH in patients with extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Dig Dis]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>803-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
