<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-9957</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. Gastroenterol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-9957</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología  ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-99572020000600063</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22516/25007440.637</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of Crohn&#8217;s disease in the adult population]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn en población adulta]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliao-Baños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grillo-A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero-Regino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Duperly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallejo-O.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Clinical Research Institute ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,GUT Médica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,SERVIMED S.A.S  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>200</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-99572020000600063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-99572020000600063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-99572020000600063&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  Crohn&#8217;s disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin, influenced by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The incidence and prevalence of Crohn&#8217;s disease have increased in Colombia. The treatment of these patients is not easy and has improved in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the Colombian Clinical Practice Guideline to guide the treatment of this complex disease and unify criteria.  Materials and methods: The present guideline was carried out by a multidisciplinary team with support from the Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, the Cochrane ITS Team, and the Clinical Research Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Clinical questions regarding this disease were developed, and national and international guidelines were searched in specialized databases. The existing guidelines were evaluated in terms of quality and applicability. The Cochrane Group conducted a systematic search of the existing literature. Evidence tables were elaborated, and recommendations were made using the GRADE methodology.  Results: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline was developed for the medical and surgical treatment of Crohn&#8217;s disease in the adult population in Colombia. Treatment algorithms were designed, taking into account the activity, behavior, and location of the disease.  Conclusions: It was established that proper clinical, endoscopic, and imaging assessment, as well as individual risk stratification, are important for treatment. Also, the indications for adequate medical and surgical treatment of these patients were specified.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: La enfermedad de Crohn es un trastorno inflamatorio idiopático de etiología desconocida con características genéticas, inmunológicas e influencias del medio ambiente. La incidencia y la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Crohn han aumentado en Colombia. El tratamiento de estos pacientes no es fácil y ha evolucionado en los últimos años; por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar una guía de práctica clínica en Colombia, orientada al tratamiento de esta compleja enfermedad, para unificar criterios.  Materiales y métodos: Esta guía fue desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, el Grupo Cochrane ITS y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas clínicas relevantes a la entidad y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías existentes fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad. El Grupo Cochrane realizó la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas usando la metodología GRADE.  Resultados: Se realizó una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia, para el tratamiento tanto médico como quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Crohn en población adulta en Colombia. Se diseñaron algoritmos de manejo teniendo en cuenta la actividad, el comportamiento y la localización de la enfermedad.  Conclusiones: Se estableció que una adecuada evaluación clínica, endoscópica e imagenológica, así como una estratificación de riesgo individual son importantes para el manejo, y se especificaron las indicaciones para el adecuado tratamiento tanto médico como quirúrgico de estos pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Crohn&#8217;s disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mucosal healing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[perianal Crohn&#8217;s]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[postoperative Crohn&#8217;s]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Crohn]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extensión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cicatrización de la mucosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[terapia biológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crohn perianal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedad de Crohn posquirúrgica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehandru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>389</volume>
<numero>10080</numero>
<issue>10080</issue>
<page-range>1741-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehandru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ulcerative colitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>389</volume>
<numero>10080</numero>
<issue>10080</issue>
<page-range>1756-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiocchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immunol Today]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>426-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Divangahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lalande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What's in a name? The (mis)labelling of Crohn's as an autoimmune disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>376</volume>
<numero>9736</numero>
<issue>9736</issue>
<page-range>202-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kastner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lighting the fires within: the cell biology of autoinflammatory diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Immunol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>570-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munkholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>942-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molodecky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chernoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>142</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Underwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benchimol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>390</volume>
<numero>10114</numero>
<issue>10114</issue>
<page-range>2769-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Underwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AOMC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panaccione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Progression of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean: a Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>304-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaresma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The globalization of inflammatory bowel disease: the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>259-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto-Furusho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo-Mauriño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bozada-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosques-Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Mexico from a nationwide cohort study in a period of 15 years (2000-2017]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrubla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calixto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Colombia is increasing: report on the national prevalente of IBD and description of IBD phenotype]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>156</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>S-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arguello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>237-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliao Baños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Vélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flórez Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donado Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín Zuluaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monsalve Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fenotipo e historia natural de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en un centro de referencia en Medellín-Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>240-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aponte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: características de fenotipo y tratamiento en un hospital universitario de Bogotá, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Descripción clínico-epidemiológica de pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en una clínica de cuarto nivel en Cali]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>166-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shivashankar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tremaine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harmsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loftus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence and Prevalence of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1970 Through 2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>857-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Enfermedades huérfanas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is the peak age for onset of IBD?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>S4-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maaser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sturm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kucharzik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD Part 1: Initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>144-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomollon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dignass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Assche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn's Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikolopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lytras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonovas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Umbrella Review of clínica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn en población adulta 195 Meta-analyses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>647-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[C-Reactive Protein, Fecal Calprotectin, and Stool Lactoferrin for Detection of Endoscopic Activity in Symptomatic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>802-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Rheenen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van de Vijver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fidler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>341</volume>
<numero>c3369</numero>
<issue>c3369</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menees]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurlander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A meta-analysis of the utility of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin, and fecal lactoferrin to exclude inflammatory bowel disease in adults with IBS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>444-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermeire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peeters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlietinck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joossens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Den Hond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulteel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), phenotypes of IBD, and intestinal permeability: a study in IBD families]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daperno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amiot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossuyt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[East]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[European evidence-based consensus for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>982-1018</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Driessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ensari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geboes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantzaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[European consensus on the histo-pathology of inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>827-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouhnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imaging techniques for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease: joint ECCO and ESGAR evidence-based consensus guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>556-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satsangi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ID]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>5a-36a</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Louis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Degroote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behaviour of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aboul Nasr El Yafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belaiche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gut]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>777-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frolkis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dykeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debruyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk of surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases has decreased over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>996-1006</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buisson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chevaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bommelaer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review article: the natural history of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>625-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crohn's disease evaluation and treatment: clinical decision tool]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>702-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caprioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katsanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobatón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeronico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting Outcomes to Optimize Disease Management in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1385-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonovas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kucharzik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gisbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Crohn's Disease: Medical Treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sands]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>317-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouguen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levesque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kavanaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treat to target: a proposed new paradigm for the management of Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1042-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sands]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bemelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE): Determining Therapeutic Goals for Treat-to-Target]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1324-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'haens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panaccione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcomes and Strategies to Support a Treat-to-target Approach in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>254-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vuitton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biologic agents for IBD: practical insights]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>537-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Côté-Daigneault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poitras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: what are the data?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[United European Gastroenterol J]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>419-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jairath V Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Evolution of Treatment Paradigms in Crohn's Disease: Beyond Better Drugs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterol Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>661-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allocca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaparro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coenen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Younge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA['Quality of Care' Standards in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>127-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farraye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lichtenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ACG Clinical Guideline: Preventive Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>241-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliao-Baños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calidad en el manejo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>211-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bitton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vutcovici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lytvyak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kachan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bressler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selection of Quality Indicators in IBD: Integrating Physician and Patient Perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>403-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality of Care in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>479-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armuzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Horin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chowers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>443-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hindryckx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonovas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infection Risk with Biologic Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>633-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Positioning Therapies in the Management of Crohn's Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1268-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seibold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[on behalf of the Swiss IBDnet, an official working group of the Swiss Society of Gastroenterology. Treatment Algorithms for Crohn's Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Digestion]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>43-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brouwers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Browman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cluzeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CMAJ]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>E839-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Grupo de actualización de la Guía Metodológica para el desarrollo de Guías de Práctica Clínica con Evaluación Económica en el SGSSS Colombiano</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía Metodológica para la elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica con Evaluación Económica en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud Colombiano: Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristjansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1013-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing risk of bias in included studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Cochrane Collaboration]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brozek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>383-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Crohn's disease: management in adults, children and young people]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bitton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dobkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwardes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sewitch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meddings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting relapse in Crohn's disease: a biopsychosocial model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1386-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Consigny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modigliani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dupas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simple biological score for predicting low risk of short-term relapse in Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>551-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fekih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fecal calprotectin is a predictive marker of relapse in Crohn's disease involving the colon: a prospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>340-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fecal calprotectin in predicting relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis of prospective studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1894-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sands]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dignass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approaches to Integrating Biomarkers into Clinical Trials and Care Pathways as Targets for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1032-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panaccione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossuyt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lukas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanasek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of tight control management on Crohn&gt;s disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>390</volume>
<numero>10114</numero>
<issue>10114</issue>
<page-range>2779-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Serum Infliximab Levels During Maintenance Therapy and Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>619-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomassin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armengol-Debeir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charpentier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging may predict deep remission in patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>4285-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>68</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterography for evaluating bowel inflammation in Crohn&gt;s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>669-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<label>69</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allocca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laurent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Cross-Sectional Imaging for Tight Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1309-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<label>70</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small-bowel mucosal healing assessment by capsule endoscopy as a predictor of long-term clinical remission in patients with Crohn&gt;s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>844-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<label>71</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of probiotics on inducing remission and maintaining therapy in ulcerative colitis, Crohn&gt;s disease, and pouchitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<label>72</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Limketkai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akobeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adepoju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Probiotics for induction of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>CD006634</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<label>73</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of antibiotics in patients with Crohn&gt;s disease: a systematic review and metaanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dig Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>58-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<label>74</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Townsend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jairath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>CD012730</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<label>75</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Townsend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>Cd000545</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<label>76</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>CD008870</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<label>77</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsoulis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>CD003459</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<label>78</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuenzig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benchimol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinhart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>CD000296</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<label>79</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benchimol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinhart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Traditional corticosteroids for induction of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>CD006792</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<label>80</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuenzig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazlewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clement]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McBrien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative Effectiveness of Mesalamine, Sulfasalazine, Corticosteroids, and Budesonide for the Induction of Remission in Crohn&gt;s Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>461-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<label>81</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stem Cell Res Ther]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>136</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<label>82</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akobeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically-induced remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>CD003715</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<label>83</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsoulis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>CD000067</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<label>84</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuenzig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinhart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Budesonide for maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>CD002913</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<label>85</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>CD006884</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<label>86</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsertsvadze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Court]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutcliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of elemental nutrition for the maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Technol Assess]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>1-138</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<label>87</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tondeur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zachos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>CD000542</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<label>88</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>389-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<label>89</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinhart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modigliani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corticosteroids for maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>CD000301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<label>90</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daperno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castiglione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orlando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advanced age is an independent risk factor for severe infections and mortality in patients given antitumor necrosis factor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>30-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91">
<label>91</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loftus Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in biologic-naive patients with Crohn disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mayo Clin Proc]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1621-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92">
<label>92</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fumery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review and network meta-analysis: first- and second-line biologic therapies for moderate-severe Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>394-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93">
<label>93</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gisbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNicholl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaparro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of a second anti-TNF in patients with inflammatory bowel disease whose previous anti-TNF treatment has failed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>613-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94">
<label>94</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Groof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponsioen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bemelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buskens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn&gt;s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing seton drainage and anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colorectal Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>667-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95">
<label>95</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-IL-12/23p40 antibodies for induction of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>CD007572</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96">
<label>96</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jairath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-IL-12/23p40 antibodies for maintenance of remission in Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>CD012804</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97">
<label>97</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonovas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allocca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lytras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikolopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biologic Therapies and Risk of Infection and Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Metaanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1385-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98">
<label>98</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Facciorusso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jairath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative Risk of Serious Infections with Biologic and/or Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>69-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99">
<label>99</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakuraba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy and safety of CT-P13, a biosimilar of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agent (infliximab), in inflammatory bowel diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1043-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100">
<label>100</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazlewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panaccione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn&gt;s disease: a network metaanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>344-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101">
<label>101</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sands]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedorak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>350</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>876-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102">
<label>102</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McSharry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalzell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leiper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Matary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review: the role of tacrolimus in the management of Crohn&gt;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>11-12</numero>
<issue>11-12</issue>
<page-range>1282-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103">
<label>103</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Present]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaacs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tacrolimus for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn&gt;s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>380-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104">
<label>104</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cirocchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trastulli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farinella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Rocco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vendettuali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meta-analysis of fibrin glue versus surgery for treatment of fistula-in-ano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Ital Chir]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>349-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B105">
<label>105</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruffolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarpa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angriman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review on advancement flaps for rectovaginal fistula in Crohn's disease: transrectal vs transvaginal approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colorectal Dis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1183-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B106">
<label>106</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pemberton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: faecal diversion for management of perianal Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>783-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B107">
<label>107</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Fistula Treatment of Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>851-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B108">
<label>108</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lightner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dozois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections for the Treatment of Perianal Crohn's Disease: Progress Made and Future Directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>629-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B109">
<label>109</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guizzetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of Medical Therapies for Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1879-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B110">
<label>110</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Hussuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olaison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendtsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gluud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents on postoperative anastomotic complications in Crohn's disease: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1423-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B111">
<label>111</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of preoperative anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha infusion timing on postoperative surgical site infection in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[United Eur Gastroenterol J]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1198-214</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B112">
<label>112</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of preoperative immunosuppressive agents on postoperative outcomes in Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>663-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B113">
<label>113</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bechtold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcomes of initial medical compared with surgical strategies in the management of intra-abdominal abscesses in patients with Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>235-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B114">
<label>114</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warusavitarne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review with meta-analysis: endos-copic balloon dilatation for Crohn's disease strictures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1137-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B115">
<label>115</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purkayastha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Roon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tekkis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strictureplasty vs resection in small bowel Crohn's disease: an evaluation of short-term outcomes and recurrence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colorectal Dis]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>686-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B116">
<label>116</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dasari BV McKay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laparoscopic versus open surgery for small bowel Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>CD006956</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B117">
<label>117</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouniyar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stapled side-to-side anastomosis might be better than handsewn end-to-end anastomosis in ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis Sci]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1544-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B118">
<label>118</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tekkis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purkayastha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanitis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Athanasiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heriot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison of segmental vs subtotal/total colectomy for colonic Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colorectal Dis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>82-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B119">
<label>119</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheifetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interventions for prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>CD006873</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B120">
<label>120</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akobeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>CD010233</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B121">
<label>121</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naidoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akobeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>CD008414</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B122">
<label>122</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solaimani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bechtold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha is more effective than conventional medical therapy for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1152-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B123">
<label>123</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative efficacy of pharmacologic interventions in preventing relapse of Crohn's disease after surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loftus EV]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jr]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>64-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B124">
<label>124</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Connor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Medical Therapies to Prevent Recurrence of Post-Operative Crohn's Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>693-701</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B125">
<label>125</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carla-Moreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roblin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Genin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peyrin-Biroulet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevention and treatment of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence with anti-TNF therapy: a meta-analysis of controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Liver Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>191-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B126">
<label>126</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCombie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gearry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How IBD patients cope with IBD: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>89-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B127">
<label>127</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality of Life after Intestinal Resection in Patients with Crohn Disease: A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Surg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>355-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B128">
<label>128</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahadev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality of life in perianal Crohn's disease: what do patients consider important?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>579-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B129">
<label>129</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patient preferences between surgical and medical treatment in Crohn's disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Colon Rectum]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>586-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
