<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-9957</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. Gastroenterol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-9957</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología  ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-99572024000200166</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22516/25007440.1168</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Beyond the Gut: Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Más allá del intestino: manifestaciones extraintestinales de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en niños y adolescentes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara-Espitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angie Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoz-Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio de la]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda-Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad El Bosque  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>166</fpage>
<lpage>175</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-99572024000200166&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-99572024000200166&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-99572024000200166&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) are common in children and adults and their presence is associated with a higher severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In pediatrics, studies are scarce in Latin America and do not exist in Colombia.  Objective: To describe the prevalence of EIM in children with IBD and the associated demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics.  Methodology: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with pediatric-onset IBD between 2007 and 2022 treated at an institution in Bogotá. A descriptive analysis was performed and in the groups with and without EIM clinical and biochemical variables were compared using Fisher&#8217;s exact test, Student&#8217;s T, and Mann-Whitney&#8217;s U.  Results: Of 71 confirmed cases, 45% had typical ulcerative colitis, 27% Crohn&#8217;s disease, 7% atypical ulcerative colitis, 1.4% colonic Crohn&#8217;s, and 20% unclassifiable IBD. Thirteen patients (18%) had at least one EIM, and mucocutaneous was the most frequent (58%). The time from symptoms onset to diagnosis was higher in the EIM group (13.2 years vs. 10.2 years; p = 0.02). Nocturnal diarrhea, hyporexia, and weight loss were more frequent in children with EIM. The EIM group showed lower hemoglobin levels, and higher globular sedimentation rate, and received biologics more frequently (38% vs. 23%, p = 0.2).  Conclusions: The frequency of MEI in this series is similar to that reported in the literature; its presence is associated with higher disease severity, higher frequency of biological use, and longer time IBD diagnosis.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes:  Las manifestaciones extraintestinales (MEI) son comunes en niños y adultos y su presencia se asocia con mayor gravedad en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). En pediatría, los estudios son escasos en Latinoamérica y no existen en Colombia.  Objetivo:  Describir la prevalencia de las MEI en niños con EII y las características demográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas asociadas.  Metodología:  Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados con EII de inicio pediátrico entre 2007 y 2022 atendidos en una institución en Bogotá. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y en los grupos con y sin MEI se compararon variables clínicas y bioquímicas por medio de la prueba exacta de Fisher, T de Student y U de Mann-Whitney.  Resultados:  De 71 casos confirmados, el 45 % tenía colitis ulcerativa típica, el 27 % enfermedad de Crohn, el 7 % colitis ulcerativa atípica, el 1,4 % Crohn colónico y el 20 % EII no clasificable. 13 pacientes (18 %) presentaron al menos una MEI, y las mucocutáneas fueron las más frecuentes (58 %). El lapso desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico fue mayor en el grupo MEI (13,2 años frente a 10,2 años; p = 0,02). La diarrea nocturna, la hiporexia y la pérdida de peso fueron más frecuentes en niños con MEI. El grupo MEI mostró niveles más bajos de hemoglobina, más elevados de velocidad de sedimentación globular y recibieron biológicos con mayor frecuencia (38 % frente a 23 %, p = 0,2).  Conclusiones: La frecuencia de MEI en esta serie es similar a lo reportado en la literatura; su presencia se asocia con una mayor gravedad de la enfermedad, mayor frecuencia de uso de biológicos y mayor tiempo de diagnóstico de la EII.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bowel disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arthritis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[uveitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[erythema nodosum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hepatitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pyoderma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pediatrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[artritis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uveítis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eritema nudoso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hepatitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[piodermia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pediatría]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koletzko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cucchiara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Ridder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ESPGHAN revised porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>795-806</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera-Chamorro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riveros-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consenso colombiano de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal pediátrica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>1-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sýkora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomaha&#269;ová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreslová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cvalínová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#352;tych]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current global trends in the incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>2741-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larrosa-Haro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abundis-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña-Quintana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Targa Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiologic trend of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Latin America: The Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) Working Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Gastroenterol Mex]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>328-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubalcava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gadepalli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>121-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliao-Baños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrubla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization and prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in a cohort of patients with inflammatory intestinal disease in Medellin, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>398-404</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gantenbein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spoerri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronological order of appearance of extraintestinal manifestations relative to the time of IBD diagnosis in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1794-800</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoepfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scharl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakatos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1982-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CRH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stagg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoepfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Manifestations: Implications for IBD Research, Diagnosis, and Therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohn&#8217;s Colitis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>541-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kethu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>467-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harbord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The first european evidence-based consensus on extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohn&#8217;s Colitis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>239-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kavanaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1118-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duricova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leroyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pariente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aoucheta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extra-intestinal Manifestations at Diagnosis in Paediatric- and Elderly-onset Ulcerative Colitis are Associated With a More Severe Disease Outcome: A Population-based Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1326-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duricova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leroyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pariente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armengol-Debeir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of Extra-Intestinal Manifestations at Diagnosis on Disease Outcome in Pediatric- and Elderly-Onset Crohn&#8217;s Disease: A French Population-Based Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>394-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paerregaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakobsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wewer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraintestinal Manifestations Are Associated With Disease Severity in Pediatric Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>40-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vittinghoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldassana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of extraintestinal manifestations in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nóbrega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva IN de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da SILVA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MCM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The onset of clinical manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arq Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>290-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karmiris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katsanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allocca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ECCO Guidelines on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohns Colitis]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greuter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vavricka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease-epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>307-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herzog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fournier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age at disease onset of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with later extraintestinal manifestations and complications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>598-607</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wootton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beattie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anaemia and iron deficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohn&#8217;s Colitis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>687-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The difference in extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease for children and adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transl Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>4-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Elm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pocock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gøtzsche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandenbroucke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>800-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resolución 2465 de 2016, por la cual se adoptan los indicadores antropométricos, patrones de referencia y puntos de corte para la clasificación antropométrica del estado nutricional de niñas, niños y adolescentes menores de 18 años de edad, adultos de 18 a 64 años de edad y gestantes adultas y se dictan otras disposiciones]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Minsalud]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudwaleit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Der Heijde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landewé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akkoc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Rheum Dis]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>25-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgos-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The assessment of the spondyloarthritis international society concept and criteria for the classification of axial spondyloarthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis: A critical appraisal for the pediatric rheumatologist]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Rheumatol Online J]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaconescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefanescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ioniuc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dermatological manifestations in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>425</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Kaunas ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sridhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maltz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dermatological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases on Anti-TNF Therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2086-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tramontana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stingeni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ardizzone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dermatological manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>364</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karreman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karreman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luime]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JMW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AEAM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AEAM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence and incidence of axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crohn&#8217;s Colitis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>631-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Manifestations in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACR Open Rheumatol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>547-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkadri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pipkorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sieracki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Systematic Review of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>445-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Prevalence of Iron and Vitamin D Deficiencies in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Bahrain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cureus]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orfei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gasparetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hensel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zellweger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuschkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zilbauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidance on the interpretation of faecal calprotectin levels in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
