<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-9957</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. Gastroenterol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-9957</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología  ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-99572026000100051</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22516/25007440.1303</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and the Risk of Anorectal Cancer in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is This a Consistent and Clinically Concerning Association?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inhibidores del factor de necrosis tumoral y riesgo de cáncer anorrectal en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: ¿es acaso una relación constante y peligrosa?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías-Ordoñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombana-Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marulanda-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero-Regino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Floridablanca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica de Marly  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-99572026000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-99572026000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-99572026000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  The association between the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF agents) and malignancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasingly explored. The objective of this study was to review the current state of the art regarding this relationship from multiple perspectives, based on the evidence available to date.  Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the metasearch engines PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, SciELO, Cochrane, and Medline, without restrictions on publication period. Bibliographic sources consistent with the stated objective were systematically selected.  Results: A clear and unified definition of this association remains elusive. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and long-standing perianal fistulizing disease represent the primary risk factors. The main pathophysiological mechanism involved is the induction of T-cell apoptosis. Clinical presentation may overlap with IBD activity. Diagnostic evaluation should be supported by advanced imaging techniques, high-resolution anoscopy (HRA), and histopathological studies. Regarding management, a careful risk-benefit assessment of continued anti-TNF therapy is required. Localized disease presentation is associated with recurrence and a low risk of complications.  Conclusions: Evidence exists supporting an association between TNF inhibitors and malignancy in patients with IBD, which may be extrapolated to a limited extent. The majority of available data supports a protective role. However, when squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and anal margin is evaluated independently, recommendations favor considering these patients as a high-risk group, warranting inclusion in structured surveillance programs.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Se ha venido explorando la relación del uso de inhibidores del factor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF) y malignidad en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Se plantea como objetivo revisar el estado del arte acerca de esta relación desde distintos puntos de vista con lo descrito hasta la fecha actual.  Metodología:  Revisión de la literatura de los metabuscadores PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, SciELO, Cochrane y Medline, sin límites en el período de tiempo. Se seleccionaron fuentes bibliográficas coherentes con el objetivo planteado.  Resultados:  Su definición no es clara. La infección por virus del papiloma humano y la enfermedad fistulizante perianal de larga evolución son los principales factores de riesgo. El principal mecanismo fisiopatológico es la inducción de apoptosis de células T. Su presentación clínica puede solaparse con la actividad de la EII. El diagnóstico debe apoyarse en imágenes avanzadas, anoscopia de alta resolución (AAR) y estudios histopatológicos. En cuanto a su manejo, se requiere considerar la relación riesgo-beneficio de la continuación del anti-TNF. La presentación de enfermedad local se asocia a recurrencia y riesgos de complicaciones bajos.  Conclusiones:  Existe información acerca de relación entre los inhibidores del TNF y malignidad en pacientes con EII, que puede extrapolarse hasta cierto punto. La mayor parte de la evidencia apoya un rol protector. Sin embargo, cuando se evalúa el cáncer de ano y del margen anal tipo escamocelular en forma independiente hay recomendaciones a favor de considerar estos pacientes en un grupo de factor de riesgo y deberían entrar en un programa de vigilancia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inflammatory bowel diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rectal diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neoplasms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inhibidores del factor de necrosis tumoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades inflamatorias del intestino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedades del recto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neoplasias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[terapia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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