<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-0319</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicas UIS]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medicas UIS]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-0319</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-03192018000200033</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revmed.v31n2-2018004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Eficacia de fenilefrina en la prevención de hipotensión en cesárea bajo anestesia subaracnoidea]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effectiveness of phenylefrine in prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puentes-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelly Johanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez-Flórez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Arteaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge de Lujan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander Departamento de cirugía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Materno Infantil San Luis  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-03192018000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-03192018000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-03192018000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: la hipotensión es el evento adverso más incidente cuando se administra anestesia subaracnoidea para cesárea; múltiples estrategias para su prevención y manejo se han propuesto, entre ellas el uso de vasopresores profilácticos con resultados no concluyentes.  Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia preventiva del uso de Fenilefrina en la hipotensión arterial inducida por la anestesia subaracnoidea en gestantes llevadas a cesárea.  Materiales y Métodos: ensayo clínico controlado, doble ciego, en gestantes, mayores de 18 años, ASA 1 y 2, quienes recibieron anestesia subaracnoidea para cesárea, fueron aleatorizadas a recibir placebo o infusión profiláctica de fenilefrina 40 mcg/min, durante 5 minutos.  Resultados: se incluyeron 140 pacientes en el análisis de datos. La incidencia de hipotensión fue mayor en el grupo control que en el intervenido (RA 45,71% vs 32,85%). Sin presentarse diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p=0,119). RR de hipotensión en el grupo intervenido fueron menores, independiente del criterio de hipotensión (tensión arterial sistólica, RR 0,72 (IC95% 0,47-1,09); tensión arterial media, RR 0.93 (IC95% 0,64-1,37); TAS o TAM RR 0.86 (IC95% 0,62-1,21)), pero sin diferencias significativas p&gt;0,05. El uso de vasopresores en los pacientes que presentaron este evento se dio en 75.4% (n=52), con RR mayor en el grupo control y diferencias significativas al evaluar los dos grupos. (RR: 1,4 p=0,032).  Conclusiones: fenilefrina profiláctica no demostró ser eficaz en disminuir la incidencia de hipotensión; sin embargo, sí se asocia con una disminución significativa en los requerimientos de vasopresores, así como en la incidencia de náuseas y vómito. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(2):33-9.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Hypotension is the most common adverse event when subarachnoid anesthesia is administered for cesarean section; multiple strategies for its prevention and management have been proposed, including the use of prophylactic vasopressors with inconclusive results.  Objective: To evaluate the preventive efficacy of the use of phenylephrine in hypotension induced by subarachnoid anesthesia in pregnant women taken to caesarean section.  Methods: A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in pregnant women, older than 18 years old, ASA 1 and 2, who received a subarachnoid anesthesia for cesarean section, were randomized to receive placebo or prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine 40 mcg / min, for 5 minutes.  Results: 140 patients were included in data analysis. Incidence of hypotension was higher in the control group than in the intervention group (AR 45.71% vs 32.85%). There were no significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.119). RR of hypotension in the intervention group were lower, independent of the criterion of hypotension [systolic blood pressure, RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.47-1.09), mean arterial pressure, RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.64-1.37), SBP or MAP 0.86 (RR 0.86) (IC95% 0.62-1.21)], but without significant differences p&gt; 0.05. The use of vasopressors in patients who presented this event occurred in 75.4% (n = 52), with higher RR in the control group and significant differences when evaluating the two groups. (RR 1.4 p = 0.032).  Conclusions: Prophylactic phenylephrine did not prove effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension, however, it is associated with a significant decrease in vasopressor requirements, as well as in the incidence of nausea and vomiting. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(2):33-9.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cesárea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia Raquídea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipotensión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fenilefrina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cesarean Section]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spinal anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hypotension]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Phenylephrine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Appropriate Technology for Birth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>326</volume>
<numero>8452</numero>
<issue>8452</issue>
<page-range>436-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buitrago-Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuleta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ángel-Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Racionalización del uso de la cesárea en Colombia Consenso de la Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (FECOLSOG) y la Federación Colombiana de Perinatología (FECOPEN). Bogotá, 2014]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>139-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obstetrics: A Texbook for the Use of Students and Practitioners]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Appleton and Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chestnut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngan Kee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beilin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mhyre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chestnut&#8217;s Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miler]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RD]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Miller&#8217;s Antesthesia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>8</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klöhr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hofmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossaint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Definitions of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section Literature search and application to parturients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>909-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mavridou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Anesthesiol Rep]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>282-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chooi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lumb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Middleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chemali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emmett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouerghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bougacha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frikha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mestiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben Ammar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mebazaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined use of crystalloid preload and low dose spinal anesthesia for preventing hypotension in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery A randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Middle East J Anesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>667-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du Toit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crystalloid preload versus rapid crystalloid administration after induction of spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesth Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>351-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banerjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stocche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preload or coload for spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean delivery A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<collab>Angle P Halpern SH</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieczorek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of low-dose bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>308-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vasopressors and tight control of maternal blood pressure during cesarean delivery A rocky Alliance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biccard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ephedrine for spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section the final nail in the coffin?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>807-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngan Kee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karmakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Placental transfer and fetal metabolic effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>506-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klöhr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossaint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Straube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prophylactic phenylephrine for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia Systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>143-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of the impact of phenylephrine administration on maternal hemodynamics and maternal and neonatal outcomes in women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>377-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hignett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Columb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dose-dependent effects of phenylephrine for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1230-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gombar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomized double-blinded comparison of ephedrine, phenylephrine and mephentermine infusions to maintain blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for cesarean delivery the effects on fetal acid-base status and haemodynamic control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J anaesthesiol clin pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>427-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery an effective technique using combination phenylephrine infusion and crystalloid cohydration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>744-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of four fixed rate infusion regimens of phenylephrine for hemodynamic support during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1221-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngan Kee]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenylephrine Infusions for Maintaining Blood Pressure During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery Finding the Shoe That Fits]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>496-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Downey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenylephrine Infusion Versus Bolus Regimens During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Hemodynamic Changes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1343-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>World Medical Association</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki-Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>310</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>2191-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Resolución 8430 de 1993</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ministerio de Salud]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ley estatutaria 1581 de 2012]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Congreso de la República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dresner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shorten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Riordan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Haemodynamic changes caused by oxytocin during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Obstet Anesth]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>156-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>American Society of Anesthesiologists</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ASA]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>270-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SOAP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Practice Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>270-300</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
