<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-0793</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Iatreia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Iatreia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-0793</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-07932021000200172</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.iatreia.79</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Historia de la penicilina: más allá de los héroes, una construcción social]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[History of penicillin: Beyond heroes, a social construction]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo-Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>172</fpage>
<lpage>179</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-07932021000200172&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-07932021000200172&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-07932021000200172&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El hecho científico conocido como &#8220;penicilina&#8221; se ha considerado tradicionalmente como el producto del ingenio de Alexander Fleming, ganador del Premio Nobel por descubrir esta &#8220;droga milagrosa&#8221;. Apartándose de esta idea popular, se hace necesario resaltar el desarrollo de la penicilina como un constructo social, producto del trabajo invaluable de varios científicos, sumado a un contexto social excepcional que motivó la voluntad política y el apoyo de la industria farmacéutica; en ausencia de cualquiera de estos, la penicilina no sería lo que significa hoy para nosotros o, simplemente, no existiría en el arsenal terapéutico. Los conceptos epistemológicos de &#8220;estilo de pensamiento&#8221; y &#8220;colectivo de pensamiento&#8221; como fundamentos en la construcción del conocimiento, presentes en la obra epistemológica de Ludwick Fleck, apoyan la conclusión, a partir del recuento histórico, de la necesidad de apartarnos de la penicilina como el producto de un descubrimiento de un único héroe, para verla como una construcción social, que además es un ejemplo clásico de serendipia. La penicilina, además, tiene otras facetas menos conocidas históricamente como el uso de ella de manera cruda, producida y usada por médicos generales, o la búsqueda de información para su producción durante la segunda guerra mundial; estas se abordan en este breve recuento histórico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY The scientific breakthroug we know as &#8220;penicillin&#8221;, has been traditionally considered as the result of the genius of Alexander Fleming, awarded with the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the &#8220;miracle drug&#8221;. Standing aside from this popular idea, it is important to highlight the development of penicillin as a social construct and the product of the invaluable work of several scientists, in addition to an exceptional social framework that raised the political desire and the pharmaceutical industry support; without any of these, penicillin wouldn&#8217;t even have the meaning it has today, or it wouldn&#8217;t even exist. The epistemological concepts of &#8220;style of thinking&#8221; and &#8220;collectivity of thought&#8221; as basis in the construction of knowledge, present in Ludwick Fleck&#8217;s epistemological work, support the conclusion, based the historical account, about the need of standing aside from the idea of penicillin as the discovery of a single hero, and considering it a social construction instead, and a classical example of serendipity. Other aspects less known about penicillin history, such as the use of crude penicillin by general practitioners, or the seeking of information about how to produce it during World War II, which are addressed in this brief historical account.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Penicilinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Penicillium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Segunda Guerra Mundial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[History]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Penicillins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Penicillium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[World War II]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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