<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-0807</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-0807</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-08072020000300295</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revsal.v52n3-2020010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspectos clínicos e inmunológicos de la infección por SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Clinical and immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaparro-M]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nataniel-A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco-L]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex-O]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clínico Viedma  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cochabamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz de la Sierra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>295</fpage>
<lpage>309</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-08072020000300295&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-08072020000300295&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-08072020000300295&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: describir los aspectos moleculares y celulares de la respuesta inmune frente a SARS-CoV-2; y las repercusiones clínicas, producto de mecanismos inmunes.  Introducción: la aparición de una neumonía atípica en China, en diciembre de 2019, provocó un confinamiento global. El agente responsable de esta enfermedad fue nombrado por el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía de Virus como SARS-CoV-2, y la enfermedad que produce fue denominada COVID-19 por la OMS el 11 de febrero del 2020.  Metodología: para este estudio descriptivo se indagó en la base de datos de Pubmed, Science, Nature, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, medRxiv y Google académico; cuyos descriptores utilizados fueron COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, linfocitos, anticuerpos e inmunidad; incluyendo en la revisión 130 estudios.  Resultados: las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes que produce SARS-CoV-2 son: fiebre, tos seca y fatiga; siendo los individuos ancianos que presentan con mayor frecuencia complicaciones como el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo, arritmias, fallo cardíaco agudo y shock séptico. Se identificó descensos significativos de las células NK, linfocitos B, linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ en sangre periférica en pacientes con cuadros moderados y severos de COVID-19.  Discusión: Las células NK y macrófagos se encargan de la contención y eliminación viral en las primeras etapas de la infección por SARSCoV-2. No está claro la relevancia de la respuesta humoral en la contención, y eliminación de SARS-CoV-2. La respuesta de linfocitos T citotóxicos es esencial para la completa resolución de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, ya que logran la eliminación de las células infectadas. No existe un tratamiento antiviral específico recomendado para COVID-19, y actualmente no existe vacuna disponible.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: To describe the molecular and cellular aspects of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical repercussions resulting from inefficient immune mechanisms.  Introduction: The emergence of an atypical pneumonia in China in December 2019 led to a global confinement. The agent responsible for this new disease was named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses, and the disease it produces was named COVID-19 by the WHO on February 11, 2020.  Methodology: For this descriptive study we researched the databases of Pubmed, Science, Nature, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, medRxiv and Google Scholar; which descriptors used were: COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, lymphocytes, antibodies and immunity; including 130 studies in the review.  Results: The most common clinical manifestations produced by SARS-CoV-2 are: fever, dry cough and fatigue, being the elderly people who are mostly having complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmias, acute heart failure and septic shock. Significant decreases in NK cells, B lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were identified in peripheral blood in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 conditions.  Discussion: NK cells and macrophages are responsible for viral containment and elimination in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The relevance of the humoral response in the containment and elimination of SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is essential for the complete resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as they achieve the elimination of infected cells. There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended yet for COVID-19, and there is currently no vaccine available.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Linfocitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Manifestaciones clínicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Terapia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lymphocytes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Signs and symptoms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Therapy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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