<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-1129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. ing.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-1129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-11292022000200200</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01211129.v31.n60.2022.13847</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Grid-tied Multilevel Inverter with Phase-locked Loop Algorithm]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inversor multinivel enlazado a la red eléctrica mediante un algoritmo de fijación de fase]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Inversor multinível ligado à rede elétrica através de um algoritmo de fixação de fase]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez-Montejano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osbaldo-Ulisses]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaime-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José-Jimmy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Badillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germánico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos-Cantón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Montejano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Misael-Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis de Potosí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis de Potosí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis de Potosí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis de Potosí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis de Potosí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Oak Ridge National Laboratory  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tennessee ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>60</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-11292022000200200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-11292022000200200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-11292022000200200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract A multilevel inverter is an electronic device capable of changing direct current energy to alternant current energy with a voltage and frequency established by the user. They are ideal for connecting renewable energy sources to the AC grid, energy plants, and smart grids. The voltage must be balanced and synchronized with the electrical network for adequate performance. This paper shows the voltage synchronization between an inverter output voltage and the AC grid using a phase-locked loop based on an adaptive observer. The proposed algorithm can perform under grid uncertainties such as noise and generates a reference signal for the modulation used in the inverter. The algorithm is robust and computationally efficient and can be implemented through basic elements such as operational amplifiers, resistors, and capacitors, reducing its difficulty in executing it in a system.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Un inversor multinivel es un dispositivo electrónico capaz de cambiar energía de corriente directa a energía de corriente alterna con voltaje y frecuencia establecidas por el usuario. Son ideales para conectar fuentes de energía renovables con la red eléctrica, plantas de energía y redes eléctricas inteligentes. Es necesario contar con el voltaje balanceado y sincronizado con la red para su correcto funcionamiento. Este artículo muestra la sincronización de la salida de voltaje del inversor con la red eléctrica utilizando un algoritmo de fijación de fase basado en un observador adaptable. El algoritmo propuesto puede funcionar ante incertidumbres de la red como el ruido y genera una señal de referencia para la modulación utilizada por el inversor. El algoritmo propuesto es robusto y computacionalmente eficiente, ya que puede ser implementado a través de elementos básicos como amplificadores operacionales, resistencias y capacitores, reduciendo la dificultad de ejecutarlo en un sistema.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Um inversor multinível é um dispositivo eletrônico capaz de alterar a potência de corrente contínua para potência de corrente alternada com tensão e frequência definidas pelo usuário. Eles são ideais para conectar fontes de energia renovável à rede elétrica, usinas de energia e redes inteligentes. É necessário ter uma tensão balanceada e sincronizada com a rede para seu correto funcionamento. Este artigo demonstra a sincronização da saída de tensão do inversor com a rede elétrica usando um algoritmo de fase baseado em observador adaptativo. O algoritmo proposto pode trabalhar diante de incertezas da rede como ruídos e gerar um sinal de referência para a modulação utilizada pelo inversor. O algoritmo proposto é robusto e computacionalmente eficiente, pois pode ser implementado por meio de elementos básicos como amplificadores operacionais, resistores e capacitores, reduzindo a dificuldade de executá-lo em um sistema.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adaptive control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[application of power electronics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lyapunov methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modelling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aplicación de electrónica de potencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control adaptable]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos de Lyapunov]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[aplicação em eletrônica de potência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[controle adaptativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[métodos de Lyapunov]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelagem]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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