<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-1129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. ing.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-1129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-11292023000300002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01211129.v32.n65.2023.16178</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[2D Gradient Algorithms for Noise Reduction in Radiological Images]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Algoritmo de gradiente 2D para la reducción del ruido en imágenes radiológicas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Algoritmo de gradiente 2D para redução de ruído em imagens radiológicas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collazos-Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhonatan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jojoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo-Emilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoyos-Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan-Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Cauca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Popayán Cauca]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Cauca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Popayán Cauca]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Paz Cesar]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>65</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-11292023000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-11292023000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-11292023000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In areas such as biomedical image processing, the techniques or methods used to recover the content in noise-contaminated signals are essential. One of them has been adaptive filtering, which, by adjusting to the desired signal through real-time updating of the coefficients, allows improvement and deconvolution in the recovery of degraded or contaminated images, attracting the attention of researchers in inverse problems. In this paper, the 2D-AR    &#947; gradient algorithm is used in noise reduction in dental radiological images, for which simulations are performed to obtain the best configuration of the hyperparameters, and a statistical analysis of the values obtained is performed. Based on the simulation results and the established metrics, it is demonstrated that the algorithm achieves a slightly higher noise reduction than the other 2D gradient algorithms (LMS and NLMS).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En áreas como el procesamiento de imágenes biomédicas las técnicas o métodos para recuperar el contenido en señales que están contaminadas con ruido son indispensables. Una de ellas ha sido el filtrado adaptativo que, al ajustarse a la señal deseada a través de la actualización en tiempo real de los coeficientes permite el mejoramiento y la deconvolución en la recuperación de imágenes degradadas o contaminadas, logrando atraer la atención de investigadores en problemas inversos. En este artículo el algoritmo del gradiente 2D-AR    &#947; es utilizado en la reducción de ruido en imágenes radiológicas dentales, para lo cual se realizan simulaciones para obtener la mejor configuración de los hiperparámetros y se realiza un análisis estadístico de los valores obtenidos. Con base en los resultados de la simulación y las métricas establecidas, se demuestra que el algoritmo logra una reducción del ruido estadísticamente superior que los otros algoritmos del gradiente 2D (LMS y NLMS).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Em áreas como processamento de imagens biomédicas, técnicas ou métodos para recuperar o conteúdo de sinais contaminados com ruído são essenciais. Uma delas tem sido a filtragem adaptativa que, ao se ajustar ao sinal desejado através da atualização em tempo real dos coeficientes, permite melhoria e desconvolução na recuperação de imagens degradadas ou contaminadas, atraindo a atenção de pesquisadores em dificuldades. Neste artigo é utilizado o algoritmo de gradiente 2D-AR&#947; para redução de ruído em imagens radiológicas dentárias, para o qual são realizadas simulações para obter a melhor configuração dos hiperparâmetros e é realizada uma análise estatística dos valores obtidos. Com base nos resultados da simulação e nas métricas estabelecidas, mostra-se que o algoritmo atinge uma redução de ruído estatisticamente superior aos outros algoritmos de gradiente 2D (LMS e NLMS).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[2D adaptive filter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adaptive two-dimensional filter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gradient algorithm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[noise cancellation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radiological images]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[signal processing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[2D filtro adaptativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[algoritmo gradiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cancelación de ruido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[filtro bidimensional adaptativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[imágenes radiológicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[procesamiento de señales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[2D filtro adaptativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[algoritmo de gradiente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cancelamento de ruído]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[filtro bidimensional adaptativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[imagens radiológicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[processamento de sinais]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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