<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-1617</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Historia Crítica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[hist.crit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-1617</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-16172020000300059</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/histcrit77.2020.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Herederas de una degeneración atávica o víctimas de la miseria? Género y racismo en el discurso médico sobre la prostitución en Cuba, 1902-1913]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Heirs of Atavistic Degeneration or Victims of Misery? Gender and Racism in the Cuban Medical Discourse on Prostitution, 1902-1913]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Herdeiras de uma degeneração atávica ou vítimas da miséria? Gênero e racismo no discurso médico sobre a prostituição em Cuba, 1902-1913]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catalina del Mar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>77</numero>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-16172020000300059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-16172020000300059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-16172020000300059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen.  Objetivo/Contexto:  Analizaremos el discurso médico sobre la prostitución en Cuba, poniendo especial atención a cómo se construyó un diagnóstico sobre este fenómeno, que oscilaba entre explicaciones raciales y sociales, sustentado en distinciones de género y en un racismo que sobrevivía a los estragos causados por las guerras de independencia en el contexto poscolonial cubano de comienzos del siglo XX.  Originalidad:  En el artículo sugerimos que el género y la &#8220;raza&#8221; fueron categorías de identidad que no se referían a realidades preexistentes o autoevidentes, sino que, en el caso de Cuba, emergieron como construcciones socioculturales y discursivas que respondieron a las presiones de un nuevo orden político, fraguado entre la última guerra por la independencia (1895-1898), las dos intervenciones militares de Estados Unidos en la Isla (1898-1902 y 1906-1909) y los primeros años de vida republicana.  Metodología:  A partir del análisis de estudios sobre este fenómeno en la Isla elaborados por los médicos Ramón M. Alfonso y Matías Duque, protagonistas del sistema de regulación de la prostitución entre 1902 y 1914, observamos la manera en que hilaron argumentos y explicaciones de orden histórico, racial y social para expresar las ansiedades que había en torno a la prostitución (las mujeres que la ejercían y el mundo que la rodeaba), en una sociedad que privilegiaba como prototipo nacional a la mujer blanca, madre, esposa e hija de familia.  Conclusiones:  Mostramos que el género funcionó como una forma de diferenciación situada históricamente, que jerarquizaba a las prostitutas en relación con su distancia respecto a ciertos ideales de feminidad y masculinidad, definidos racialmente. Asimismo, las explicaciones raciales y sociales de la prostitución no resultaban autoexcluyentes, de la misma manera que no lo era rechazar al &#8220;otro&#8221;, sus diferencias raciales y de género, para incluirlos, aunque en los márgenes, en una nación que idealmente tendría que ser blanca y heteronormativa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract.  Objective/Context:  We will analyze the medical discourse on prostitution in Cuba, paying special attention to how a diagnosis of this phenomenon was constructed, which oscillated between racial and social explanations, sustained by gender distinctions and racism that survived the ravages caused by the wars of independence in the Cuban postcolonial context of the early twentieth century.  Originality:  In the article, we suggest that gender and &#8220;race&#8221; were categories of identity that did not refer to pre-existing or self-evident realities, but that, in the case of Cuba, emerged as sociocultural and discursive constructions that responded to the pressures of a new political order, forged between the last war for independence (1895-1898), the two military interventions by the United States on the Island (1898-1902 and 1906-1909) and the first years of republican life.  Methodology:  From an analysis of studies conducted by Cuban Physicians Dr. Ramón M. Alfonso and Dr. Matías Duque, key figures in the system that regulated prostitution between 1902 and 1914, we note the way in which historic, racial and social arguments were threaded together to express the anxieties surrounding prostitution (the women who practiced it and the world around them), in a society that privileged the mother, the wife, the daughter, and the white woman as a national prototype.  Conclusions:  We show that gender functioned as a historically situated form of differentiation that categorized prostitutes in relation to their distance from certain racially defined ideals of femininity and masculinity. Likewise, the racial and social explanations of prostitution were not self-excluding, in the same way that rejecting the &#8220;other&#8221;, their racial and gender differences, was not contradictory with its inclusion, albeit at the margins, in a nation that ideally would have to be white and heteronormative.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo.  Objetivo/Contexto:  analisamos o discurso médico sobre a prostituição em Cuba, com atenção especial a como foi construído um diagnóstico sobre o fenômeno que variava entre explicações raciais e sociais, apoiado em distinções de gênero e em um racismo que sobrevivia aos estragos causados pelas guerras de independência no contexto pós-colonial cubano do início do século XX.  Originalidade:  neste artigo, sugerimos que o gênero e a &#8220;raça&#8221; tenham sido categorias de identidade que não se referiam a realidades preexistentes ou autoevidentes, mas sim que, no caso de Cuba, surgiram como construções socioculturais e discursivas que responderam às pressões de uma nova ordem política, forjada entre a última guerra pela independência (1895-1898), as duas intervenções militares dos Estados Unidos na Ilha (1898-1902 e 1906-1909) e os primeiros anos de vida republicana.  Metodologia:  a partir da análise de estudos sobre esse fenômeno na Ilha, elaborados pelos médicos Ramón M. Alfonso e Matías Duque, protagonistas do sistema de regulamentação da prostituição entre 1902 e 1914, observamos como vincularam argumentos e explicações dos âmbitos histórico, racial e social para expressar as ansiedades que havia em torno da prostituição (as mulheres que a exerciam e o mundo que a rodeava), em uma sociedade que privilegiava como protótipo nacional a mulher branca, mãe, esposa e filha &#8220;de família&#8221;.  Conclusões:  demonstramos que o gênero funcionou como uma forma de diferenciação situada historicamente, que hierarquizava as prostitutas com relação a seu afastamento de certos aspectos ideais de feminidade e masculinidade, definidos racialmente. Além disso, as explicações raciais e sociais da prostituição não resultavam autoexcludentes, assim como não era rejeitar o &#8220;outro&#8221;, suas diferenças raciais e de gênero, para incluí-los, embora às margens, em uma nação que idealmente teria que ser branca e heteronormativa.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contexto poscolonial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[discurso médico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prostitución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[racismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medical discourse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[postcolonial context]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prostitution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[racism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[contexto pós-colonial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[discurso médico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gênero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[prostituição]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[racismo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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