<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-1617</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Historia Crítica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[hist.crit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-1617</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-16172022000300099</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/histcrit85.2022.05</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Thirsty Country: State, Water, and the &#8220;War on Drought&#8221; in Chile in the 1960s]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[País sediento: Estado, agua y la &#8220;guerra contra la sequía&#8221; en Chile en la década de 1960]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[País sedento: Estado, água e &#8220;guerra contra a seca&#8221; no Chile na década de 1960]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purcell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>85</numero>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>121</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-16172022000300099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-16172022000300099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-16172022000300099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective/Context:  This paper studies the role of the Chilean state during the great drought of 1967-1969 as a mediator between human beings and nature. Institutional adaptations and the effort to improve the infrastructure were elements of continuity with respect to previous droughts, but there were novelties as well, such as attempts to pursue weather modification and the artificial melting of glaciers. The support of technologies and scientists operating from peripheral state institutions was essential for these purposes. All the above took place in the context of the Cold War when the predominant environmental imaginaries made human intervention look favorable and necessary for the modernization of countries.  Methodology:  Diverse primary sources were used, such as ministerial documents, decrees, bulletins, and reports of different state institutions that allowed understanding the logic of state management during the water crisis. Similarly, research in national and international press helped identify how imaginaries about the environment were expressed and disseminated publicly, which tended to validate novel efforts to control nature.  Originality:  This is an original study for Latin America, which addresses the early appearance of science and technology in the efforts of what today would be known as geoengineering: mainly through the observation of new actors, which expanded the traditional forms of mediation between humans and nature, led by the state, concerning climate crises.  Conclusions:  In the 1960s, optimism grew for the human capacity to control and manipulate water resources by appealing to ways other than those previously known, associated with infrastructure development. Expert knowledge was placed at the service of peripheral institutions of the state to promote these changes with lasting consequences. The human desire to control nature at all costs was validated, which helps explain the temporal projection of experiments with artificial rain and glacier control to the present day in Chile.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo/Contexto:  En el artículo se estudia el papel del estado chileno en la gran sequía de 1967-1969, como mediador entre los seres humanos y naturaleza. Las adaptaciones institucionales y el esfuerzo por mejorar la infraestructura fueron elementos de continuidad con respecto a sequías anteriores, pero hubo novedades, como los intentos por modificar el tiempo atmosférico y el derretimiento artificial de glaciares con el apoyo de tecnologías y científicos que operaron desde instituciones periféricas del Estado. Todo lo anterior se dio en el contexto de la Guerra Fría, cuando los imaginarios ambientales predominantes hacían ver la intervención humana como algo favorable y necesario para la modernización de los países.  Metodología:  Ee recurre a distintos tipos de fuentes primarias como documentos ministeriales, decretos, boletines e informes de distintas instituciones estatales que permiten comprender las lógicas del manejo estatal de la crisis hídrica. Junto con ello, se privilegió el uso de prensa nacional e internacional, para comprender cómo se expresaron y difundieron imaginarios sobre el medioambiente que tendieron a validar los novedosos esfuerzos por controlar la naturaleza.  Originalidad:  Se trata de un estudio original para América Latina, que aborda la temprana aparición de la ciencia y tecnología en esfuerzos propios de lo que hoy se conoce como geoingeniería: en especial por la observación de nuevos actores, que ampliaron las formas tradicionales de mediación entre seres humanos y naturaleza, protagonizadas por el Estado a propósito de crisis climáticas.  Conclusiones:  En la década de 1960 creció el optimismo por la capacidad humana para controlar y manipular recursos hídricos apelando a formas distintas de las conocidas hasta entonces, asociadas al desarrollo de infraestructura. El conocimiento experto se puso al servicio de instituciones periféricas del Estado, desde donde se impulsaron estos cambios con consecuencias duraderas. Se validó el afán humano por controlar la naturaleza a toda costa, lo que ayuda a explicar la proyección temporal de experimentos con lluvia artificial y control de glaciares hasta nuestros días en Chile.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Objetivo/contexto:  Neste artigo, é estudado o papel do Estado chileno na grande seca de 1967-1969, como mediador entre os seres humanos e a natureza. As adaptações institucionais e o esforço para melhorar a infraestrutura foram elementos de continuidade em comparação a secas anteriores, mas houve novidades, como as tentativas para modificar o tempo atmosférico e o derretimento artificial de glaciares com o apoio de tecnologias e cientistas que operaram de instituições periféricas do Estado. Tudo isso ocorreu no contexto da Guerra Fria, quando os imaginários ambientais predominantes faziam ver a intervenção humana como algo favorável e necessário para modernizar os países.  Metodologia:  Recorre-se a diferentes fontes primárias, como documentos ministeriais, decretos, boletins e relatórios de diversas instituições estatais que permitem compreender as lógicas da gestão estatal da crise hídrica. Além disso, foi privilegiado o uso da imprensa nacional e internacional para compreender como foram expressos e difundidos imaginários sobre o meio ambiente que tenderam a validar os novos esforços para controlar a natureza.  Originalidade:  Trata-se de um estudo original para a América Latina, que aborda o precoce surgimento da ciência e da tecnologia em esforços próprios do que hoje é conhecido como geoengenharia: em especial pela observação de novos atores que ampliaram as formas tradicionais de mediação entre seres humanos e natureza, protagonizadas pelo Estado devido a crises climáticas.  Conclusões:  Na década de 1960, cresceu o otimismo pela capacidade humana para controlar e manipular recursos hídricos apelando a formas diferentes das conhecidas até então, associadas ao desenvolvimento da infraestrutura. O conhecimento especializado se colocou a serviço de instituições periféricas do Estado, a partir de onde foram impulsionadas mudanças com consequências duradouras. Foi validado o anseio humano por controlar a natureza a todo custo, o que ajuda a explicar a projeção temporal de experiências com chuva artificial e controle de glaciares até os nossos dias no Chile.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[naturaleza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sequía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[água]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ciência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[seca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tecnologia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[natureza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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