<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-1617</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Historia Crítica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[hist.crit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-1617</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-16172022000400059</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/histcrit86.2022.04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Coloniality of Law in Peru: Legal Positivism, Rape &amp; Racialized Morality in Early Twentieth-Century Courts]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La colonialidad del derecho en el Perú: positivismo jurídico, violación y moralidad racializada en los tribunales de principios del siglo xx]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A colonialidade do direito no Peru: positivismo jurídico, estupro e moralidade racializada nos tribunais de princípios do século xx]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunt-MacRury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Glasgow  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>86</numero>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-16172022000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-16172022000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-16172022000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract.  Objective/context: In the early twentieth century, Peru rejected legal pluralism and, once again, selected a highly European-inflected penal code, undergirded by the prevailing tenets of legal positivism. In doing so, criminal courts became a particularly contested site, where indigenous and mestizas (mixed-race) women shaped and negotiated racial sentiments constructed around their sexuality. In also shaping the meaning of the law itself, I contend that virginity-or lack thereof-patterned legal positivism in Peru. I first detail the historical impact of legal positivism on Peru&#8217;s judiciary. I then showcase women&#8217;s courtroom narratives (alongside other juridical testimonies) that reveal their struggle for political inclusion.  Methodology: This article is built from an analysis of primary and original archival data and is the synthesis of 55 cases of alleged sexual transgressions occurring in the region of Cuzco from 1924 to 1949.  Originality:  This paper is significant because it is one of only a few that examine the history of legal positivism and rape prosecution in the early twentieth century by incorporating primary archival data to show how women were protagonists in shaping Peru&#8217;s unique legal, political and cultural history.  Conclusions: Expanding the arguments of imminent Andean scholars of postcolonialism, I argue that the &#8216;coloniality of law&#8217; in Peru is illuminated by the collusion of legal positivism and fin de siècle racial ideologies that created a new subjectivity for women. In addition to refashioning repressive honor codes (literally embodied in ideas about morality and chastity), the new penal code also broadened a gap where indigenous and mestizo women argued their juridical humanity in criminal courts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen.  Objetivo/contexto: En el temprano siglo xx, el Perú rechazó el pluralismo jurídico y, una vez más, optó por un código penal de fuerte influencia europea, sustentado en los principios imperantes del positivismo jurídico. Los tribunales penales se convirtieron en un lugar especialmente conflictivo, donde las mujeres indígenas y mestizas dieron forma y negociaron los sentimientos raciales construidos en torno a su sexualidad. Sostengo que, al configurar también el significado de la propia ley, la virginidad -o la falta de ella- marcó el positivismo jurídico en Perú. Primero detallo el impacto histórico del positivismo legal en el poder judicial peruano. A continuación, expongo las narrativas de las mujeres en los tribunales (junto con otros testimonios jurídicos) que revelan su lucha por la inclusión política.  Metodología: Este artículo se construye a partir de un análisis de datos de archivo primarios y originales y es la síntesis de 55 casos de presuntas transgresiones sexuales ocurridas en la región del Cuzco entre 1924 y 1949.  Originalidad: Este artículo es significativo porque es uno de los pocos que examinan la historia del positivismo jurídico y la persecución de la violación sexual a principios del siglo xx, incorporando datos de archivo primarios para mostrar cómo las mujeres fueron protagonistas en la configuración de la singular historia jurídica, política y cultural del Perú.  Conclusiones: Al ampliar los argumentos de inminentes estudiosos andinos del poscolonialismo, sostengo que la &#8220;colonialidad del derecho&#8221; en el Perú se ilumina por la colusión del positivismo legal y de las ideologías raciales de fin de siglo, que crearon una nueva subjetividad para las mujeres. Además de remodelar los códigos de honor represivos (literalmente encarnados en ideas sobre la moralidad y la castidad), el nuevo código penal también amplió una brecha en la que las mujeres indígenas y mestizas argumentaron su humanidad jurídica en los tribunales penales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo.  Objetivo/contexto: No início do século xx, o Peru rejeitou o pluralismo jurídico e, uma mais uma vez, optou por um código penal de forte influência europeia, apoiado nos princípios imperantes do positivismo jurídico. Os tribunais penais se tornaram um lugar especialmente conflituoso, em que as mulheres indígenas e mestiças deram forma e negociaram os sentimentos raciais construídos em torno da sexualidade. Defendo que, ao configurar também o significado da própria lei, a virgindade - ou a falta dela - marcou o positivismo jurídico no Peru. Primeiro detalho o impacto histórico do positivismo legal no poder judicial peruano. A seguir, exponho as narrativas das mulheres nos tribunais (junto com outros depoimentos jurídicos) que revelam sua luta pela inclusão política.  Metodologia: Este artigo é construído a partir de uma análise de dados de arquivos primários e originais e é a síntese de 55 casos de supostas transgressões sexuais ocorridas na região de Cuzco entre 1924 e 1949.  Originalidade: Este artigo é significativo porque é um dos poucos que analisam a história do positivismo jurídico e a persecução do abuso sexual a princípios do século xx, incorporando dados de arquivos primários para mostrar como as mulheres foram protagonistas na configuração da singular história jurídica, política e cultural do Peru.  Conclusões: Ao ampliar os argumentos de reconhecidos estudiosos andinos do pós-colonialismo, argumento que a &#8220;colonialidade do direito&#8221; no Peru é iluminada pelo conluio do positivismo legal e das ideologias raciais do final do século, que criaram uma subjetividade para as mulheres. Além de reformar os códigos de honra repressivos (literalmente encarnados em ideias sobre a moralidade e a castidade), o novo código penal também ampliou uma brecha na qual as mulheres indígenas e mestiças argumentaram sua humanidade jurídica nos tribunais penais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coloniality of law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indigenous resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legal anthropology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[positivism in Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[race as morality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rape legislation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antropología jurídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialidad del derecho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[legislación sobre violación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[positivismo jurídico en América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[raza como moralidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia indígena]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[antropologia jurídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[colonialidade do direito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[legislação sobre estupro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[positivismo jurídico na América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[raça como moralidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência indígena]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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