<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-246X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-246X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-246X2016000200139</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rfo.v28n1a8</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ORTHODONTIC FIXED RETAINERS. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[RETENEDORES FIJOS EN ORTODONCIA. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wasserman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gualdrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad El Bosque  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad El Bosque  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>157</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-246X2016000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-246X2016000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-246X2016000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: the objective of this study was to evaluate the periodontal effects of fixed retainers in the long term.  Methods:  a search in electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, ProQuest, Ebsco, Biomed Central, Medline, Lilacs, and Google Scholar) and a manual search with no language restrictions. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis, prospective and retrospective studies, studies in humans, clinical and radiographical studies evaluating the periodontium, performed during the 1987-2014 period, up to 10 years of follow-up. Four authors extracted data from the selected studies independently.  Results:  after applying the inclusion criteria, we selected 4 studies in which a total of 405 patients were evaluated. All the studies were longitudinal and retrospective. There was a greater prevalence of gingival recessions, especially in mandibular incisors, which are more vulnerable. There were no significant changes in terms of alveolar bone index or calculus index. The survival rate of fixed retainers was 50% or higher. Due to the heterogeneity of the selected studies, including difference in study population, differences in methods to assess the intervention, and follow-up periods, it was impossible to quantify the variables to perform a meta-analysis.  Conclusions:  the selected studies had a middle level of evidence. The greatest gingival recessions occurred with the use of fixed retainers in a long time; however, there is no alteration of the alveolar bone level. The studies recommend encouraging patients to maintain good oral hygiene. The findings of this review should be cautiously taken due to the resulting level of evidence, and the general recommendation for clinicians is that, in the long run, these retainers appear to be safe to maintain the alignment of mandibular incisors, although more studies with greater scientific rigor are required. There were no conflicts of interest and this study did not have any kind of financial support.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN.  Introducción: el objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar los efectos periodontales de los retenedores fijos a largo plazo.  Métodos:  se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, ProQuest, Ebsco, Biomed Central, Medline, Lilacs y Google Scholar) y una búsqueda manual sin restricción de lenguaje. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y metaanálisis, estudios prospectivos y retrospectivos, estudios en humanos, estudios en los que se evaluara clínica y radiográficamente el periodonto, periodo comprendido entre 1987 y 2014, seguimiento hasta 10 años. Cuatro autores extrajeron independientemente los datos de los estudios seleccionados.  Resultados:  después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 4 estudios en los que se evaluaron un total de 405 pacientes. Todos los estudios fueron longitudinales retrospectivos. Se encontró una mayor prevalencia de recesiones gingivales, especialmente de los incisivos mandibulares, que son más vulnerables. No mostraron cambios significativos ni el índice de hueso alveolar ni el índice de cálculo. La tasa de supervivencia de los retenedores fijos fue mayor del 50%. Debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios seleccionados, entre los cuales se encuentra la diferencia en la población de estudio, diferencias en los métodos para evaluar la intervención y el tiempo de seguimiento, fue imposible cuantificar las variables para realizar un metaanálisis.  Conclusiones:  los estudios seleccionados tuvieron un nivel de evidencia medio. Se presentan mayores recesiones gingivales con el uso de los retenedores fijos a largo plazo; sin embargo, no hay alteración del nivel óseo alveolar. Los estudios recomiendan incentivar al paciente para que mantenga una buena higiene oral. Los resultados de esta revisión se deben tomar con cautela por el nivel de evidencia que arrojaron, y la recomendación general para el clínico es que, a largo plazo, estos retenedores parecen ser seguros para mantener el alineamiento de incisivos mandibulares, aunque se requieren más estudios con mayor rigor científico. No hubo conflictos de intereses y la investigación no contó con ningún tipo de financiamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[retainer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[braces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[periodontal index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[retention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orthodontic appliances]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[retenedor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[brackets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice periodontal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[retención]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aparatos ortodónticos.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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