<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-4705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análisis Político]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[anal.polit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-4705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Relaciones Internacionales (IEPRI), Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-47052017000300130</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/anpol.v30n91.70268</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[VERDAD O FICCIÓN? EL USO POLÍTICO DE LAS REDES SOCIALES EN LA PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA OFFLINE EN LAS ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES EN ECUADOR]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[TRUTH OR FICTION? THE POLITICAL USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN OFFLINE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN ECUADORIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zumárraga Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carofilis Cedeño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cynthia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica Salesiana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica Salesiana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica Salesiana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>91</numero>
<fpage>130</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-47052017000300130&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-47052017000300130&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-47052017000300130&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El presente artículo explora la relación entre distintos tipos de uso político de las redes sociales y la participación política offline, así como el efecto político-movilizador diferenciado de las plataformas Facebook, Twitter y WhatsApp en un contexto de elecciones presidenciales en Ecuador. Los resultados confirman que: (i) las redes sociales estimulan la movilización de las personas hacia conductas políticas offline; (ii) este efecto movilizador se limita a las plataformas Facebook y WhatsApp y (iii) los usos políticos de tipo expresivo y de contacto con los grupos políticos influyen con mayor fuerza sobre la participación política offline. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en el marco del debate sobre el efecto movilizador de las redes sociales en el grado de activismo político offline.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between different political uses for social networks and off-line political participation as well as the differentiated political-mobilizing effect of the Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp platforms in a context of presidential elections in Ecuador. The results confirm that: (i) social networks stimulate popular mobilization involving offline political behavior; (ii) this mobilizing effect is limited to Facebook and WhatsApp platforms; and (iii) political uses of an expressive nature and contact with political groups have a stronger influence on offline political participation. The implications of these findings are discussed within the framework of the debate on the mobilizing effect of social networks on the degree of offline political activism.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación política offline]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uso político]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#8220;Offline political participation&#8221;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#8220;social networks&#8221;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[&#8220;political use&#8221;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Youth online political participation: the role of Facebook use, interactivity.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quality Information and Political Interest]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>80</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Top sites in Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anduiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantijoch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internet y participación política en España. Opiniones y actitudes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>1-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekafigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McBride]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Who tweets about politics? Political participation of Twitter users during the 2011 gubernatorial elections.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science Computer Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>625-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosnjak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galesic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klicek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinants of online political participation in Croatia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drustvena Istrazivanja]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4-5</numero>
<issue>4-5</issue>
<page-range>747-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabalin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudiantes conectados y movilizados: el uso de Facebook en las protestas estudiantiles en Chile.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar: Revista Científica Iberoamericana de Comunicación y Educación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>XXII</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>25-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caprara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vecchione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cappana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mebane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perceived political self-efficacy: theory, assessment, and applications.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>1002-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Redes de indignación y esperanza.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social network sites and political engagement: exploring the impact of Facebook connections and uses on political protest and participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mass Communication and Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>430-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cmeciu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Activismo cívico digital en Rumanía: la comunidad de Facebook en las protestas on-line contra Chevron.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicar: Revista Científica Iberoamericana de Comunicación y Educación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>19-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Marco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de los blogs políticos: análisis de algunos factores determinantes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arbor]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>188</volume>
<numero>756</numero>
<issue>756</issue>
<page-range>689-705</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Effing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillegersberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huibers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media and political participation: are Facebook, Twitter and YouTube democratizing our political systems?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electronic Participation]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6847</volume>
<page-range>25-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinar-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Río]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de Internet y prácticas políticas de los jóvenes españoles.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Convergencia]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>69</numero>
<issue>69</issue>
<page-range>13-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eveland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheufele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation connecting news media use with gaps.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Communication]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>215-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eveland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutchens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beyond deliberation: new directions for the study of informal political conversation from a communication perspective.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1082-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil de Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brundidge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expressive versus consumptive blog use: implications for interpersonal discussion and political participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1538-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil de Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media use for news and individuals&#8217; social capital, civic engagement and political participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>319-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil de Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molyneux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media, political expression, and political participation: panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>612-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil de Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The mediating path to a stronger citizenship: online and offline networks, weak ties, and civic engagement.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communication Research]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>397-421</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil de Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veenstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vraga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital democracy: reimagining pathways to political participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Information Technology &amp; Politics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The subtle nature of Facebook politics: swedish social network site users and political participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Media &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1111-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political efficacy, voting behavior and partisanship among university students.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Humanities and Social Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>300-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shehata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strömbäck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ljungberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age and the effects of news media attention and social media use on political interest and participation: do social media function as leveller?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jennings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeitner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internet use and civic engagement: a longitudinal analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Opinion Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>311-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The effects of the Internet on online and offline political participation among citizens in Australia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 66th Annual International Conference of British Political Science Association]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stroud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Connections between Internet use and political efficacy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>173-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Telematics and informatics social media and online political participation: the mediating role of exposure to cross-cutting and like-minded perspectives.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Telematics and Informatics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>320-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amnå]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The longitudinal relation between online and offline political participation among youth at two different developmental stages.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[APSA Annual Meeting.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kushin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Did social media really matter? College students&#8217; use of online media and political decision making in the 2008 election.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mass Communication and Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>608-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weapon of the strong? Participatory inequality and the Internet.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Politics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>487-509</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macafee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Simone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Killing the Bill online? Pathways to young people&#8217;s protest engagement via social media.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>579-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Escalas de equivalencia: reseña de conceptos y métodos.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perreault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Collinearity, power, and interpretation of multiple regression analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Marketing Research]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>268-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moeller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Vreese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathway to political participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Behavioral Scientist]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>689-700</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital inequality and participation in the political process: real or imagined?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science Computer Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>589-600</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dual effects of the Internet on political activism: reinforcing and mobilizing.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>S90-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participación y democracia en América Latina: los determinantes individuales de la participación política.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>242-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comunicación, participación y democracia 1.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Humanística]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>62</numero>
<issue>62</issue>
<page-range>109-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arriagada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La protesta en la era de las redes sociales: el caso chileno.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arriagada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La protesta en la era de las redes sociales: el caso chileno.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conversation is the soul of democracy: expression effects, communication mediation, and digital media.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communication and the Public]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>12-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Youth engagement in Singapore: the interplay of social and traditional media.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>187-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media and offline political participation: uncovering the paths from digital to physical.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Public Opinion Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>415-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somuano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Más allá del voto: modos de participación política no electoral en México.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>XLV</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaccari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valeriani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barberá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonneau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political expression and action on social media: exploring the relationship between lower and higher-threshold political activities among Twitter users in Italy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>221-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groenendyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregorowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutchings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Election night&#8217;s alright for fighting: the role of emotions in political participation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>156-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college student&#8217;s.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computer Mediated Communication]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>875-901</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Deursen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improving digital skills for the use of online public information and services.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>333-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An empirical analysis of e-participation. The role of social networks and e-government over citizens&#8217; online engagement.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government Information Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>379-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media use and online political participation among college students during the US election 2012.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Media + Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaheer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of social media and political participation among university students.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pakistan Vision]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>278-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seltzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bichard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The revolution will be networked, the influence of social networking sites on political attitudes and behavior.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science Computer Review]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zumárraga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carofilis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El efecto movilizador de las emociones sobre la participación política online en la segunda vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales en Ecuador 2017.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Democracias]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
