0121-4705
0121-4705
S0121-47052025000200113
10.15446/anpol.v38n111.125128
Colombia
Colombia
00
12
2025
00
12
2025
38
111
113
135
[
2025
]
[
CEDAE
2018
]
[
1997
49
3
3
430-51
]
[
1993
]
[
1971
]
[
DANE
2007
]
[
DANE
2021
]
[
DANE
2023
]
[
1998
15-31
]
[
1997
13-102
]
[
2001
93-111
]
[
2024
227-65
]
[
Economist Intelligence Unit
2023
]
[
Economist Intelligence Unit
2024
]
[
EMV
2020
]
[
2022
]
[
Freedom House
2023
]
[
Freedom House
2025
]
[
2016
23
57-95
]
[
2014
]
[
2015
17
1
1
]
[
1996
]
[
1991
Primera
]
[
IDEA
2024
]
[
Invamer Poll
2024
159
159
]
[
2014
Lima
117-58
]
[
LAPOP
2016
]
[
LAPOP
2021
]
[
LAPOP
2023
]
[
2014
Lima
159-84
]
[
2021
28
5
5
869-84
]
[
2025
]
[
2014
octubre 2012
Lima
185-98
]
[
2011
]
[
2004
35-74
]
[
1947
2a
]
[
2018
38
1
1
93-104
]
[
V-Dem
2025
]