<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-5256</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Med]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.fac.med]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-5256</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-52562010000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[INTOXICACIÓN POR ORGANOFOSFORADOS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[INTOXICAÇÃO POR ORGANOFOSFORADO]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERNÁNDEZ A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DANIEL G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MANCIPE G.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LILIANA C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERNÁNDEZ A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DIANA C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Reumatología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Militar Central  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC Hospital San Rafael de Tunja ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>84</fpage>
<lpage>92</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-52562010000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-52562010000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-52562010000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Los compuestos organofosforados son un grupo de sustancias orgánicas derivadas de la estructura química del fósforo y tienen un gran número de aplicaciones y utilidades. Han sido utilizados como aditivos del petróleo, disolventes, en las industrias de colorantes, barnices, cuero artificial, aislantes eléctricos, impermeabilizantes, ablandadores de plásticos, fungicidas, insecticidas entre otros. Dado su amplia distribución y uso en diferentes industrias y en la agricultura, es muy frecuente que se presenten intoxicaciones accidentales por estos compuestos; además, como son sustancias que están al alcance de las personas, han sido empleadas como tóxicos en suicidios. El cuadro de intoxicación genera un síndrome clínico característico, con síntomas colinérgicos secundarios a la estimulación de los receptores de acetilcolina. El manejo médico de estos pacientes puede significar la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte, por lo que es importante que todo el personal de salud en los servicios de urgencias esté capacitado para reconocer el cuadro de intoxicación y manejarlo rápidamente en forma adecuada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Organophosphorus compounds are a group of organic substances derived from the chemical structure of phosphorus. They have a large number of applications and utilities. They are used as oil additives, solvents, in the industry of dyes, varnishes, artificial leather, electrical insulation, waterproofing, plastic softeners, fungicides and others. Given its wide distribution and use in different industries and trades, organophosphorus compounds can be taken accidentally causing intoxication and can be used with the intention to commit suicide. The intoxication with organophosphorus compounds produces a characteristic clinical syndrome with cholinergic symptoms after stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. The medical management of these patients could make the difference between life and death, hence the physician and all health personnel in the emergency department should be able to recognize and manage poisoning symptomatology properly.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Os compostos organofosforados sãoum grupo de substânciasorgânicas derivadas da estrutura química de fósforo e temum grande número de aplicações e usos. Têm sido utilizados como aditivos para óleos, solventes, indústrias de tintas, vernizes, couro artificial, isolaçãoelétrica, impermeabilização, amaciadores de plástico, fungicidas, inseticidas, entre outros. Dada a suaampladistribuição e uso em diferentes indústrias e na agricultura, é muitocomum ter intoxicaçõesacidentais por essescompostos, alémdisso, substâncias que estãodisponíveis para os indivíduos, têm sido usadas como substância tóxica emsuicídios. O quadro de intoxicaçãoproduzuma síndrome clínica característica, comsintomas colinérgica secundários à estimulação dos receptores de acetilcolina. A conduta médica destes pacientes pode significar a diferença entre a vida eamorte, por isso é importante que todo o pessoal de saúde nos serviços de emergênciasejatreinado para reconhecer a figura de intoxicação e rapidamente tratar adequadamente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[organofosforados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intoxicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acetilcolina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acetilcolinesterasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organophosphorus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intoxication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acetylcholine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acetylcholinesterase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[organofosforado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[intoxicação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[acetilcolina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[acetilcolinesterase]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weselak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbuckle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pesticide Exposures and Developmental Outcomes: The Epidemiological Evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Healt]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>41-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Aspects of Organophosphorous Insecticide Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicology Letters]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>649-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bucley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Organophosphorous Poisoning (Acute)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Evidence]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>1744-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidelines for Legislation on the Control of Pesticides]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>WHO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Salud Colombia^dSubdirección de Vigilancia y Control</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Intoxicación Aguda por Plaguicidas: Primer Semestre de 2007]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Salud^dSubdirección de Epidemiología</collab>
<collab>Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia^dDivisión Centros de Control de Enfermedades</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Definiciones de Caso para los Eventos de Notificación Nacional: Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública SIVIGILA]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>OPS</collab>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Situación Epidemiológica de las Intoxicaciones Agudas por Plaguicidas en el Istmo Centroamericano, 1992-2000]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Epidemiológico]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Reportes de vigilancia epidemiológica en Centroamérica]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cholinesterase Inhibition: Complexities in Interpretation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>1814-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Self Poisoning with Pesticides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Medical Journal]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>328</volume>
<page-range>42-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eldefrawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eldefrawi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neurotransmitter Receptors as Targets of Pesticides]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Environmental Science and Health]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>65-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Textbook of Medical Physiology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<edition>Eleventh Edition</edition>
<page-range>752</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Universidad de Antioquia^dDirección Seccional de Salud de Antioquia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guías de manejo de pacientes Intoxicados]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Opawoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Insecticide/Organophsphorus Compound Poisoning in Children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Saudi Medicine]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>171-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bleecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colardyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intermediate Syndrome in Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Prospective Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care Medicine]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1706-1711</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghisolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neuropsychiatric Evaluation in Subjects Chronically Exponed to Organophosphate Pesticides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicological Sciences]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>267-271</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pesticides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatrics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1030-1036</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Worek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiderlen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diepold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Improved Determination of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Human Whole Blood]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ClinicaChimicaActa]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>288</volume>
<page-range>73-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buntic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trdak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of Temperature on the Activity of Human Blood Cholinesterases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archives of Toxicology]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>347-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aprea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colosio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mammone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mimosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biological Monitoring of Pesticide Exposure: A Review of Analytical Methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Chromatography B]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>769</volume>
<page-range>191-219</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nouira]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abroug]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elatrous]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prognostic Value of Serum Cholinesterase in Organophosphate Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CHEST]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1811-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holstege]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Organophosphates, Carbamates, Pesticides and Herbicides]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahrens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ask]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatric Toxicoloogy: Diagnosis & Management of the Poisoned Child]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>352-356</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Organophosphorous Pesticides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>142</volume>
<page-range>9-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fillmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messenger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Cholinesterase Testing Program for Pesticide Applicators]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Occupational of Medicine]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karalliedde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Early Management after Self Poisoning with an Organophosphorous or Carbamate Pesticide: A Treatment Protocol for Junior Doctors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>391-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>American Academy of Clinical Toxicology</collab>
<collab>European Associations of Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicologist</collab>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Position Statement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Toxicology- ClinicalToxicology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>753-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldfrank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Poisoned Patient with Altered Consiusness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Medical Association]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>274</volume>
<page-range>562-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bateman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gastric Decontamination- A View for the Millenium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Accident and Emergency Medicine]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>84-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Organophosphate Intoxication: Pharmacologic, Neurophysiologic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Considerations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seminars in Neurology]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>46-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sungur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intensive Care Management of Organophosphate Insecticide Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>211-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarantino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nosocomial Poisoning Associated with Emergency Department Treatment of Organophosphate Toxicity-Georgia 2000]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Toxicology- ClinicalToxicology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>333-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal Decontamination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Clinics of North America]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>1067-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jokanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stojiljkovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Current Understanding of the Application of PyridiniumOximes as Cholinesterase Reactivators in Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EuropeanJournal of Pharmacology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>553</volume>
<page-range>10-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Intoxicación por Plaguicidas y Organofosforados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Guias de Práctica Clínica: Toxicología]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>84-91</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Hospital Universitario San Ignacio]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pope]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karanth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Uses and Misuses of a Common Mechanism of Action]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>433-446</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhoite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malshikare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Continuous Pralidoxime Infusion versus Repeated Bolus Injection to treat Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning: A Randomised Controlled Trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>368</volume>
<page-range>2136-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Worek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheriff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory Failure in Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Self-poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Q J Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>513-522</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aaron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Management of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Medical Journal]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>334</volume>
<page-range>629-634</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jalali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pajoumand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdollahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shadnia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pakravan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pesticides Poisoning: One-year Report of Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Reseacrh Program]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Khod]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muscat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oman]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Potential Therapeutic Agents in the Management of Organophosphorus Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>260-261</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darren Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Management of Severe Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>259</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides]]></article-title>
<collab>Olson K. Poisson & Drug Overdose</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>4th</edition>
<page-range>291-295</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pajoumand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shadnia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdollahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Benefits of Magnesium Sulfate in the Management of Acute Human Poisoning by OrganophosphorusInsecticidas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human & Experimental Toxicology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>565-569</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petroianu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Beta-blockade or Magnesium in Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia and Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>538-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avasthi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khurana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neurophysiological Monitoring of Pharmacological Manipulation in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning: The Effects of Pralidoxime, Magnesium Sulphate and Pancuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>140-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Clinical Management of Acute Organophsphorus Insecticide Poisoning: An Overview]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballantyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>528-35</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ButterworthHeinemann]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bateman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pesticides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>646-648</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de la Protección Social</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de Atención Integral en Salud Ocupacional Basada en la Evidencia para Trabajadores Expuestos a Plaguicidas Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa (organofosforados y Carbamatos) GATISO PIC]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeyaratnama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acute Pesticide Poisoning: A Major Global Health Problem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Health Statistic Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>139-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
