<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-5469</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psicología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. psicol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-5469</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Psicología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-54692020000200073</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/rcp.v29n2.82988</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Empathy and Personality Styles in Medical Students]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empatia y Estilos de Personalidad en Estudiantes de Medicina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DÁVILA-PONTÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YOLANDA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[REYES-REYES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ALEJANDRO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CALZADILLA-NÚÑEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ARACELIS]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[UTSMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ROBERT]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TORRES-MARTÍNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PILAR A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DÍAZ-NARVÁEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VÍCTOR P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuenca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Santo Tomás Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Concepción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Bernardo OHiggins Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Latin American University of Science and Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Jose ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad San Sebastián Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Concepción ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Andres Bello Facultad de Odontología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-54692020000200073&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-54692020000200073&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-54692020000200073&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study established the relationship between empathy and personality styles in medical students, considering the differences by gender. The participants were 278 students of the medical career of the Universidad del Azuay, Ecuador. The evaluation involved the Jefferson empathy scale and the Millon Index of Personality Styles. Relationships between empathy and personality styles were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression analysis, for comparisons by gender and educational levels, with both Student's f-test and analysis of variance used respectively. Results indicated that the factor structure of the empathy scale is invariant between men and women, noticing gender differences in care with compassion and total empathy, with women presenting a higher mean. Differences are visible by educational level, where the general empathy in the first three years grows progressively, and then slightly decrease. Concluding, female students present an average score of total empathy greater than men, with differences of empathy according to educational level.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Esta investigación estableció la relación entre empatia y estilos de personalidad en estudiantes de medicina según género. Participaron 278 estudiantes de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad del Azuay, Ecuador. Se aplicó la escala de empatia de Jefferson y el índice de estilos de personalidad de Millon. Las relaciones entre empatia y estilos de personalidad se examinaron utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y el análisis jerárquico de regresión lineal múltiple. Las comparaciones por género y niveles educativos se analizaron con la prueba f de Student y el análisis de varianza. La estructura factorial de escala de empatia no varia entre hombres y mujeres, sin embargo, se notaron diferencias de género en cuidado con compasión y empatia total, presentando las mujeres una media más alta. Existen diferencias por nivel educativo, se observó que la empatia general en los primeros tres años crece y luego disminuye. Finalmente, las estudiantes presentan una puntuación media de empatia total mayor que los hombres, con diferencias según el nivel educativo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[empathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[men]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[women]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[personality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empatia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudiantes de medicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hombres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mujeres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[personalidad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcorta-Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavitas- Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validación de la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson en estudiantes de medicina mexicanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Mental]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>57-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batt-Rawden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chisolm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flickinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teaching Empathy to Medical students: An updated, systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academic Medicine]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>1171-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilbao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crespo- Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcocer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Orientación empática en estudiantes de medicina de las Universidades Libre y San Martín, Barranquilla, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>657-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calzadilla-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila- Pontón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortich-Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio-Marenco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Erosion of empathy during medical training by gender. A cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>556-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender differences in effective personality in Chilean university students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>131-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A power primer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<page-range>155-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>113-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Decety]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The neuroevolution of empathy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>1231</volume>
<page-range>35-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Bolton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcorta-Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medical empathy of physicians-in-training who are enrolled in professional training programs. A comparative intercultural study in Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Atención Primaria]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>565-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arboleda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilbao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathic Orientation among medical student from three universities in Barranquilla, Colombia and one university in the Dominican Republic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<page-range>41-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso-Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arboleda-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilbao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Compassionate Care Component of the Construct Empathy in Medical Students in Colombia and Dominican Republic]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Médica Mediterránea]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>115-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calzadilla-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy and Ontogeny: A Conceptual Approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[West Indian Medical Journal]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada-Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo- López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calzadilla-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Utsman-Abarca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilbao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calzadilla-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reconsidering the &#8216;Decline&#8217; of Dental Student Empathy within the Course in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Médica Portuguesa]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>775-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilbao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy Gender in Dental Student in Latin América: An exploratory and cross-Sectional Study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Utsman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Health]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1527-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dresch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El inventario de Estilos de Personalidad de Millon (mips) en Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamerciana de Diagnóstico y evaluación Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>9-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raposo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Branco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring empathy in medical students, gender differences and level of medical education: An identification of a taxonomy of students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en Educación Médica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>253-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maestú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuronas espejo y teoría de la mente en la explicación de la mente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ansiedad y Estrés]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>265-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonnella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eleven years of data on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Medical Student version (JSE-S): Proxy norm data and tentative cutoff scores]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Principles and Practice]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>344-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonnella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veloksi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Further psychometric data and differences by gender and specialty at item level]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academic Medicine]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>58-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonnella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physician empathy: Definition, components, measurement and relationship to gender and specialty]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<page-range>1563-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hojat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonnella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educational and Psychological Measurement]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>349-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leombruni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Lillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miniotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alessandri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in Italian medical students]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>419-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melchers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reuter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bischoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Similar Personality Patterns Are Associated with Empathy in Four Different Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>290</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy and quality of care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of General Practice]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>9-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Invarianza de medición y estructural de la Escala Básica de Empatía Breve (bes-b) en niños y adolescentes peruanos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimaldo- Muchotrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psicología]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>15-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inventario de Estilos de Personalidad]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires, Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Millon Index of Personality Styles. Manual Revised]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Antonio, Texas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Psychological Corporation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Disorders of personality: dsm-iv and beyond]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York, NY ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley Interscience]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montilva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puertas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empatía según la escala de Jefferson en estudiantes de Medicina y Enfermería en Venezuela]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en Educación Médica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>223-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mooradian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matzler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dispositional Empathy and the Hierarchical Structure of Personality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>99-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daud-Gallotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibério]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brazilian version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy: Psychometric properties and factor analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paunonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trzebinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forsterling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Personality structure across cultures. A multimethod evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Personality and Social Psychology]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>447-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinnersley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy among undergraduate medical students: A multi-center cross-sectional comparison of students beginning and approaching the end of their course]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reconsidering the &#8220;decline&#8221; of medical student empathy as reported in studies using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student version (JSPE-S)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Teacher]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roig-Carrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalonga-Vadell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito-Sevillano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claret-Teruel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy, inter-professional collaboration, and lifelong medical learning in Spanish and Latin-American physicians-in-training who start their postgraduate training in hospitals in Spain. Preliminary outcomes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atención Primaria]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>6-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arboleda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Orientación empática en estudiantes de Medicina en una universidad de República Dominicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación Médica Superior]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>74-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Associations between empathy and big five personality traits among Chinese undergraduate medical students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vecchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy, burnout and... professional competence. Some reflections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>468-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quantitative Methods for Public Administration: Techniques and Applications]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago, Illinois ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dorsey Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empathy in Chinese medical students: Psychometric characteristics and differences by gender and year of medical education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medical Education]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>130</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
