<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-5612</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombia Internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[colomb.int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-5612</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Ciencia Política y Centro de Estudios Internacionales. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-56122019000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/colombiaint98.2019.04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Os impasses à democracia participativa nos governos de esquerda: os casos do Brasil, do Chile e da Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Impasses of Participatory Democracy in Leftist Governments: The Cases of Brazil, Chile and Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los impasses a la democracia participativa en los gobiernos de izquierda: los casos de Brasil, Chile y Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kátia Alves]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>98</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>135</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-56122019000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-56122019000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-56122019000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO:  Objetivo/contexto: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar se houve avanços dos governos de esquerda, especificamente dos governos de Lula da Silva no Brasil (2003-2010), de Hugo Chávez na Venezuela (1999-2013) e de Michelle Bachelet no Chile (2006-2010), na conformação de uma democracia participativa.  Metodologia: A pesquisa foi orientada por uma análise comparada a partir de duas dimensões: a) correlação de forças políticas e econômicas (com a oposição partidária, setores empresariais, midiáticos e da igreja) e b) recursos políticos (oriundos dos legados institucionais, do sistema político, dos pactos e da base de apoio social). A análise do processo de implementação de mecanismos participativos e de aprofundamento da democracia se faz a partir de três eixos analíticos: i) mecanismos de participação e inclusão, ii) condições favoráveis à participação e iii) participação cidadã.  Conclusões:  As conclusões mostram que o governo Bachelet -&#8220;governo de continuidades&#8221;- se manteve mais próximo da &#8220;democracia de equilíbrio&#8221; em que a soberania popular fica restrita à arena eleitoral, enquanto o governo Chávez -&#8220;governo de rupturas&#8221;- se aproximou mais da democracia participativa. Já o governo Lula -&#8220;governo moderado&#8221;- se posicionou em um ponto intermediário entre os dois casos.  Originalidade: A maioria dos estudos sobre governos de esquerda e democracia focam na teoria hegemônica de democracia. Sem embargo, este artigo buscou analisar os governos de esquerda a partir do conceito de democracia participativa proposto por Macpherson (1978) que compreende a democracia participativa como o aperfeiçoamento da democracia liberal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT:  Objective/Context:  This article aims to analyze the progress made by left-wing governments, specifically the Lula da Silva government in Brazil (2003-2010), Hugo Chavez in Venezuela (1999-2013) and Michelle Bachelet in Chile (2006-2010) in the conformation of participatory democracy.  Methodology:  The research was oriented by a comparative analysis from two dimensions: a) correlation of political and economic forces (with partisan opposition, economic, media and church sectors) and b) political resources (from the institutional legacies, the political system, the pacts and the social support base). The analysis of the process of implementing participatory mechanisms and deepening democracy is based on three analytical axes: i) mechanisms for participation and inclusion, ii) conditions conducive to participation, and iii) citizen participation.  Conclusions:  The conclusions showed that Bachelet&#8217;s government (&#8220;government of continuities&#8221;) remained closer to the &#8220;democracy of balance&#8221; in which popular sovereignty is restricted to the electoral arena, while Chávez&#8217;s government (&#8220;government of ruptures&#8221;) approached more participatory democracy. However, the Lula government (&#8220;moderate government&#8221;) positioned at an intermediate point between the two cases.  Originality: Most studies on left-wing governments and democracy focus on the hegemonic theory of democracy. However, this article sought to analyze left-wing governments based on the concept of participatory democracy proposed by Macpherson (1978) that includes participatory democracy as the perfection of liberal democracy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN:  Objetivo/contexto:  Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si hubo avances de los gobiernos de izquierda, específicamente, de los gobiernos de Lula da Silva en Brasil (2003-2010), de Hugo Chávez en Venezuela (1999-2013) y de Michelle Bachelet en Chile (2006-2010) en la conformación de una democracia participativa.  Metodología:  La investigación fue orientada por un análisis comparativo a partir de dos dimensiones: a) correlación de fuerzas políticas y económicas (con la oposición partidista, sectores empresariales, mediáticos y de la iglesia) y b) recursos políticos (oriundos de los legados institucionales, del sistema político, de los pactos y de la base de apoyo social). El análisis del proceso de implementación de mecanismos participativos y de profundización de la democracia se realiza a partir de tres ejes analíticos: i) mecanismos de participación e inclusión, ii) condiciones favorables a la participación y iii) participación ciudadana.  Conclusiones:  Las conclusiones muestran que el gobierno Bachelet -&#8220;gobierno de continuidades&#8221;- se mantuvo más cerca de la &#8220;democracia de equilibrio&#8221; en que la soberanía popular queda restringida a la arena electoral, mientras que el gobierno de Chávez -&#8220;gobierno de rupturas&#8221;- se acercó más de la democracia participativa. El gobierno de Lula -&#8220;gobierno moderado&#8221;- se posicionó en un punto intermedio entre los dos casos.  Originalidad: La mayoría de los estudios sobre gobiernos de izquierda y democracia se centran en la teoría hegemónica de democracia. Sin embargo, este artículo buscó analizar los gobiernos de izquierda a partir del concepto de democracia participativa propuesto por Macpherson (1978) que comprende la democracia participativa como el perfeccionamiento de la democracia liberal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[governos de esquerda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[democracia participativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Left-wing governments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[participatory democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobiernos de izquierda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia participativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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