<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-5612</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombia Internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[colomb.int.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-5612</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Ciencia Política y Centro de Estudios Internacionales. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-56122019000400039</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7440/colombiaint100.2019.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[México y el narcoanálisis: una genealogía de las políticas de drogas en los gobiernos Calderón y Peña Nieto]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mexico and the Narcoanalysis: a Genealogy of Drug Policies in the Calderón and Peña Nieto Governments]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[México e a narcoanálise: uma genealogia das políticas de drogas nos governos Calderón e Peña Nieto]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caiuby Labate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federal Fluminense  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios en Antropología Social  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>100</numero>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-56122019000400039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-56122019000400039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-56122019000400039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN.  Objetivo/Contexto:  Este artículo presenta un análisis histórico de la prohibición de las drogas en México considerando las interconexiones entre los aspectos sociales, morales, económicos, políticos y de seguridad que componen la lucha contra algunas sustancias psicoactivas, sus productores, vendedores y consumidores.  Metodología:  El análisis sigue una propuesta teórica y metodológica original llamada narcoanálisis,(1) influenciada por los conceptos genealogía y biopolítica desarrollados por Michel Foucault. Dicha perspectiva entiende que la producción de un mercado ilegal de drogas se da por la yuxtaposición de cinco niveles analíticos: el moral, el sanitario, el de seguridad pública, el de seguridad nacional y el de seguridad internacional.  Conclusiones:  La aplicación del narcoanálisis al caso mexicano nos ayuda a comprender las transformaciones del narcotráfico local, su simbiosis con la economía legal y con el poder político; asimismo, las presentes propuestas de reformas legales para el control de las drogas como la marihuana y el peyote.  Originalidad:  Esta nueva propuesta teórico-metodológica se dedica a entender la producción y la transformación de las políticas de drogas, sus orígenes sociales, sus efectos políticos y sociales, teniendo en cuenta el dinamismo y la interconexión entre las esferas sociales, económicas y políticas, dentro y fuera de las fronteras mexicanas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT:  Objective/context:  This article presents an historical analysis of the prohibition of drugs in Mexico considering the interconnections between different social, moral, economic, political and security aspects that comprise the fight against certain psychoactive substances, their producers, sellers and consumers.  Methodology:  The analysis follows a theoretical and methodological approach called narcoanalysis,(2) influenced by the concepts of genealogy and biopolitics developed by Michel Foucault. Said outlook posits that the production of an illegal drug market takes place from the juxtaposition of five analytical levels: moral, health, public safety, national security and international security.  Conclusions:  The application of narcoanalysis to the Mexican case helps us understand the transformation of local narcotrafficking, its symbiosis with the legal economy and with political power; likewise, the proposals for legal reforms for the control of drugs, such as marijuana and peyote.  Originality:  This new theoretical-methodological approach seeks to understand the production and transformation of drug policies, their social origins, and their political and social effects, considering the dynamism and interconnectedness between the social, economic and political spheres, inside and outside the Mexican borders.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO.  Objetivo/Contexto:  Este artigo apresenta uma análise histórica da proibição das drogas no México considerando as interconexões entre os aspectos sociais, morais, econômicos, políticos e de segurança que compõem a luta contra algumas substâncias psicoativas, seus produtores, vendedores e consumidores.  Metodologia:  A análise segue uma proposta teórica e metodológica original chamada narcoanálise,(3) influenciada pelos conceitos &#8220;genealogia&#8221; e &#8220;biopolítica&#8221;, desenvolvidos por Michel Foucault. Essa perspectiva entende que a produção de um mercado ilegal de drogas ocorre pela justaposição de cinco níveis analíticos: o moral, o sanitário, o de segurança pública, o de segurança nacional e o de segurança internacional.  Conclusões:  A aplicação da narcoanálise ao caso mexicano nos ajuda a compreender as transformações do narcotráfico local, sua simbiose com a economia legal e com o poder político; além disso, as presentes propostas de reformas legais para o controle das drogas como a cânabis e o peiote.  Originalidade:  Esta nova proposta teórico-metodológica se dedica a entender a produção e a transformação das políticas de drogas, suas origens sociais, seus efeitos políticos e sociais, tendo em vista o dinamismo e a interconexão entre as esferas sociais, econômicas e políticas, dentro e fora das fronteiras mexicanas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[narcotráfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política de drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[narcoanálisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prohibición.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug trafficking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[narcoanalysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prohibition.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[narcotráfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política de drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[narcoanálise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[proibição.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los saldos del narco: el fracaso de una guerra]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Punto de Lectura]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La historia de la política de drogas mexicana en el siglo XX&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drogas, política y sociedad en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>53-72</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Las políticas antidrogas en México y la narcotización de la agenda de seguridad&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fuerzas Armadas en la política antidrogas: Bolivia, Colombia y México]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>243-85</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violaciones a los derechos humanos en el marco de la estrategia militarizada de lucha contra el narcotráfico en México (2007-2012).]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Aguascalientes ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Trabajo del Monitor de Programa de Política de Drogas del CIDE Región Centro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aréchiga Córdoba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;&#8220;Dictadura Sanitaria&#8217;, educación y propaganda higiénica en el México Revolucionario, 1917-1934&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dynamis]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>117-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argüello Castañón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La noción de gubernamentalidad de Foucault para analizar los derechos humanos&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Cotidiano]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>194</numero>
<issue>194</issue>
<page-range>79-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Drug Trafficking in Mexico: A First General Assessment&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Management of Social Transformation (Discussion Paper n. 06)]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unesco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El siglo de las drogas. El narcotráfico, del Porfiriato al nuevo milenio]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plaza y Janés]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Manaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;México 2010. Crimen organizado, seguridad nacional y geopolítica&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Manaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crimen organizado e Iniciativa Mérida en las relaciones México-Estados Unidos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>9-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Casede]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botton Beja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La persecución de chinos en México&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>XLIII</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>477-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barry]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ole]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Wilde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaap]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security: A New Framework for Analysis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Degeneration and the Origins of Mexico&#8217;s War on Drugs&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>379-408</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpenter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ted Galen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Competing Models: International Initiatives and the War on Drugs&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cooperation and Drug Policies in the Americas: Trends in the Twenty-First Century]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1-18</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lexington Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escohotado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia general de las drogas]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Espasa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La DEA en México: una historia oculta del narcotráfico contada por los agentes]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grijalbo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felbab-Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Changing the Game or Dropping the Ball: Mexico&#8217;s Security and Anti-Crime Strategy under President Enrique Peña Nieto]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brookings]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nietzsche, la genealogía y la historia]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valencia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Pre-Textos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Omnes et singulatim: hacia una crítica de la razón política&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tecnologías del yo]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>95-140</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The New Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Defender la sociedad. Curso en Collège de France 1975-1976]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vigiliar y castigar. Nacimiento de la prisión]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo Veintiuno Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seguridad, territorio, población]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia de la sexualidad]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo Veintiuno]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nacimiento de la biopolítica. Curso en Collège de France 1978-1979]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;México: la trampa de la militarización&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Youngers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Coleta]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eileen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drogas y democracia en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>325-71</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La conexión colombo-mexicana&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garay Salamanca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo-Albarán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Narcotráfico, corrupción y Estados: cómo las redes ilícitas han reconfigurado las instituciones en Colombia, Guatemala y México]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>115-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kimberly]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Octavio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drug and Violence in Mexico. Data and Analysis through 2016]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of San Diego]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herschinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Constructing Global Enemies: Hegemony and Identity in International Discourses on Terrorism and Drug Prohibition]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inkster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niger]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Virginia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Comolli]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drogas, inseguridad y Estados fallidos: los problemas de la prohibición]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Uniandes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauthausen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ciro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coca &amp; cocaína: un mercado ilegal por dentro]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tercer Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gangland: The Rise of the Mexican Cartels from El Paso to Vancouver]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ottawa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper Collins]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrazo Lajous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El impacto de la política de drogas 2006-2012 en la legislación federal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Aguascalientes ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Trabajo del Monitor de Programa de Política de Drogas del CIDE Región Centro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrazo Lajous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los costos constitucionales de la guerra contra las drogas: una primera aproximación (desde México)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Aguascalientes ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Trabajo del Monitor de Programa de Política de Drogas del CIDE Región Centro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magaloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zaira]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Mexico in the Grip of Violence&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current History]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Politics of Cocaine: How the U.S. Foreign Policy has Created a Thriving Drug Industry in Central and South America]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lawrence Hill Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAllister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAllister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Reflection on a Century of International Drug Control&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAllister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Governing the Global Drug War]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>10-6</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LSE Ideas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Oyarvide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La guerra contra el narcotráfico en México: debilidad del Estado, orden local y fracaso de una estrategia&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aposta]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>45-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neocleous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[War Power, Police Power]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicomanía y narcotráfico]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dawn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;State Power and the Enforcement of Prohibition in Mexico&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mexican Law Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedraza Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;El régimen biopolítico en América Latina. Cuerpo y pensamiento social&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iberoamericana]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>7-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Monfort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tolerancia y prohibición: aproximaciones a la historia social y cultural de las drogas en México (1840-1940)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ejecutivo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Oficial]]></source>
<year>1917</year>
<volume>V</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>149-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La consolidación&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El México narco]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>13-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Temas de Hoy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Drug-Trafficking and Security in Contemporary Brazil&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregory]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[World Politics of Security]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>235-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Río de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[KAS/CEBRI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Política e drogas nas Américas: uma genealogia do narcotráfico]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Desatino]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;War Zone Acapulco: Urban Drug Trafficking in the Americas&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contexto Internacional]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>609-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Prohibition and the War on Drugs in the Americas: An Analytical Approach&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caiuby Labate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clancy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cavnar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Policies and the Politics of Drugs in the Americas]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>11-32</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caiuby Labate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Política de drogas y prohibición en las Américas&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caiuby Labate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Drogas, política y sociedad en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>29-52</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La Iniciativa Mérida y la lucha contra las drogas. Pasado y presente&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Manaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crimen organizado e Iniciativa Mérida en las relaciones México-Estados Unidos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>31-68</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Casede]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking, and Violence in Mexico: The Transition from Felipe Calderón to Enrique Peña Nieto]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lexington Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Cabañas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;La campaña permanente en México: costos, beneficios y consecuencias&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El combate a las drogas en América]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>207-20</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El narcotráfico en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo Veintiuno]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saviano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Zero, zero, zero]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Companhia das Letras]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szasz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuestro derecho a las drogas]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thoumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Medicina, ciencia e interpretación de las convenciones internacionales de drogas: ¿Será que el emperador está desnudo?&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Internacional]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>89</numero>
<issue>89</issue>
<page-range>133-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamudio Angles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las redes del narcomenudeo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ceapac Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamudio Angles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Tinajero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mariguana DF. El mercado y sus dimensiones: una propuesta para usuarios y autoridades]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cuadernos CUPIDH 5]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
