<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-7488</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencia en Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencia en Desarrollo]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-7488</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-74882021000200057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01217488.v12.n2.2021.13418</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of Temperature on the Vapour Fraction of Heavy Crude Oil in Hydrodynamic Cavitation Vortex Reactor using CFD]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de la temperatura en la fracción de vapor del crudo pesado en el reactor]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>65</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-74882021000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-74882021000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-74882021000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Hydrodynamic cavitation is a technology recently implemented for industry applications, such as water treatment, biofuel generation or upgrading of heavy crudes. Heavy crudes are characterised by their low API gravity and high viscosity, which results in higher extraction, transport, and refining costs, and a lower selling price due to their lower content of light fractions such as naphtha. Thus, hydrodynamic cavitation reactors are used to cavitate the crude oil and improve viscosity, and the efficiency is highly dependent on the operating parameters, such as inlet pressure, temperature, and percentage of a hydrogen donor. In this work, the effect of temperature on the fluid dynamics of the crude oil inside the Vortex HCR-Nano reactor is analysed, taking as a response variable the volume fraction of vapour. The CFD study was done using Ansys Fluent, with five different temperatures between 92°F and 350°F, 3D steady-state flow modelling for liquid-vapour multiphase fluid, with realisable k-e turbulence model, and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation. Results show that the volume of vapour increases with temperature, up to a volume of 1.507 cm3, where its main contribution is due to the Vortex effect. Further research includes the behaviour of hydrodynamic cavitation with different crude oils and operating parameters.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La cavitación hidrodinámica es una tecnología implementada recientemente para aplicaciones industriales, como el tratamiento de aguas, la generación de biocombustibles o el mejoramiento de los crudos pesados. Los crudos pesados se caracterizan por su baja gravedad API y su alta viscosidad, lo que resulta en un mayor costo de extracción, transporte y refinamiento, y un menor precio de venta por su menor contenido de fracciones livianas como la nafta. Por lo tanto, los reactores de cavitación hidrodinámica se utilizan para cavitar el crudo y mejorar la viscosidad, y la eficiencia depende en gran medida de los parámetros operativos, como la presión de entrada, la temperatura y el porcentaje de un donante de hidrógeno. En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de la temperatura sobre la dinámica de fluidos del crudo en el interior del reactor Vortex HCR-Nano, tomando como variable de respuesta la fracción volumétrica de vapor. El estudio CFD se realizó utilizando Ansys Fluent, con cinco temperaturas diferentes entre 92°F y 350° F, modelado 3D de flujo en estado estacionario para fluido multifásico líquido-vapor, con modelo de turbulencia realisable k-e y cavitación Schnerr-Sauer. Los resultados muestran que el volumen de vapor aumenta con la temperatura hasta, hasta un volumen de 1.507 cm3, donde la principal contribución se debe al efecto Vortex. Investigación adicional incluye el comportamiento de la cavitación hidrodinámica con diferentes crudos y parámetros operativos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CFD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heavy crude oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydrodynamic cavitation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[temperature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vapour fraction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cavitación hidrodinámica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CFD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crudo pesado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fracción de vapor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[temperatura]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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