<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-750X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ing.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-750X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-750X2023000200206</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14483/23448393.18722</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Controlador de carga MPPT con método de estimación del estado de carga basado en conteo de amperios hora y voltaje a circuito abierto]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[MPPT Charge Controller with State of Charge Estimation Method based on Ampere-Hour Counting and Open Circuit Voltage]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustos-Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara-Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dinael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Byron]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000200206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000200206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000200206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Contexto:  Los sistemas fotovoltaicos desconectados de la red son una de las principales alternativas para suplir la necesidad de electricidad en zonas rurales donde la conexión a los sistemas tradicionales de electrificación no es posible. Entre los componentes del sistema fotovoltaico, el controlador de carga debe adaptar los niveles de corriente y voltaje para almacenar en baterías la energía entregada por los paneles.  Método:  En este trabajo se implementó y evaluó un controlador de carga de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia (MPPT) basado en la técnica de perturbación y observación (P&amp;O). Adicionalmente, se estimó el estado de carga de la batería combinando los métodos de conteo de amperios-hora y voltaje de circuito abierto. El controlador implementa un algoritmo de carga de dos fases para baterías de ácido-plomo.  Resultados:  El controlador de carga desarrollado obtuvo una eficiencia promedio de 84,7 % y alcanzó un valor máximo de 96,3 %. Adicionalmente, el algoritmo de carga de dos fases y el método de estimación del estado de caga implementados en el controlador permitieron un control adecuado y monitoreo de los procesos de carga y descarga de la batería.  Conclusiones:  El controlador de carga propuesto sigue el punto de máxima potencia del panel solar y permite almacenar energía en baterías de ácido-plomo a la vez que monitorea el estado de carga de estas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Context:  Off-grid photovoltaic systems are one of the main alternatives to fulfill the need for electricity in rural areas where the connection to traditional electrification systems is not possible. Among the components of a photovoltaic off-grid system, the charge controller must adapt the voltage and current levels to store the energy delivered by the panels in batteries.  Method:  In this work, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller based on the Perturbation and Observation (P&amp;O) technique was implemented and evaluated. Additionally, the state of charge of the battery was estimated by combining the ampere-hour counting method and the open-circuit voltage. The controller implements a two-phase charging algorithm for lead-acid batteries.  Results:  The developed charge controller obtained an average efficiency of 84,7% and reached a maximum value of 96,3%. In addition, the two-phase charging algorithm and the state of charge estimation method implemented in the controller allowed for the adequate control and monitoring of the battery charging and discharging processes.  Conclusions:  The proposed charge controller follows the maximum power point of the solar panel and allows storing energy in lead-acid batteries while supervising their state of charge.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[controlador de carga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemas Fotovoltaicos desconectados.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[charge controller]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[maximum power point tracking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[off-grid PV systems]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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