<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-8123</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Reumatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.Colomb.Reumatol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-8123</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-81232021000600132</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.rcreu.2021.05.010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antimalarial-induced retinal toxicity]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Toxicidad retiniana inducida por antimaláricos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelegrín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerard]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricard]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clinic Department of Autoimmune Diseases ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona Catalonia]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Clinic Department of Ophthalmology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona Catalonia]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona Catalonia]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>132</fpage>
<lpage>143</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-81232021000600132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-81232021000600132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-81232021000600132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Antimalarials are first-line therapies in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Their immunomodulatory effects have been proven and are generally safe. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has the best safety profile of these therapies. However, antimalarial retinopathy can lead to irreversible loss of vision. It is associated more frequently with the use of chloroquine (CQ) than with HCQbut, in general, the incidence of retinal toxicity is low. It is necessary to perform periodic ophthalmological tests from the beginning of treatment to detect patients with incipient retinopathy early, since at this stage withdrawing the drug leads to resolution of the condition. The main risk factors for retinopathy include duration of treatment, dose, chronic kidney disease, and pre-existing retinal or macular disease. The risk of toxicity is very low for doses of HCQ below 5 mg/kg of body weight, so the daily dose should not exceed this threshold. New detection modalities exist for the early detection of asymptomatic HCQ and CQ-induced retinopathy. The ophthalmological study demonstrates permanent retinal pigmentary deposits in the study of the eye fundus. The early detection tests are visual field (VF) together with spectral domain optical tomography (SD-OCT). The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) can provide objective corroboration for visual field, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can show the topography of lesions. The goal of all these examinations is to detect retinopathy before it is visible in the fundus. Given the low ini tial risk of HCQ or CQ retinopathy with an appropriate dose and absence of significant risk factors, annual screening may be postponed until 5 years of drug exposure have elapsed. Other than drug cessation, no diet or medical treatment has been shown to be effective in preventing, treating, or reducing the risk of antimalarial-induced retinopathy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los antimaláricos son fármacos beneficiosos en el tratamiento del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Su efecto inmunomodulador ha sido demostrado, y son, en general, muy seguros; entre ellos, la hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) ha demostrado el mejor perfil de seguridad. La retinopatía antipalúdica es la toxicidad más grave, ya que puede provocar una pérdida irreversible de la visión. Se asocia, con mayor frecuencia, al uso de cloroquina (CQ) que de HCQ, pero, en general, la incidencia de toxicidad retiniana es baja. Es necesario realizar unas pruebas oftalmológicas periódicas, desde el inicio del tratamiento, para detectar precozmente una retinopatía incipiente, ya que, en esta etapa, la retirada del fármaco conlleva la resolución de la afección. Los principales factores de riesgo de la retinopatía incluyen la duración del tratamiento, la dosis, la enfermedad renal crónica y la enfermedad macular o retiniana preexistente. El riesgo de toxicidad es muy bajo para dosis de HCQ menores de 5 mg/kg de peso corporal real, por lo que la dosis diaria no debe exceder este umbral. Existen nuevas modalidades de detección precoz de la retinopatía inducida por antipalúdicos. El estudio oftalmológico consiste en la demostración de depósitos pigmentarios retinianos permanentes en el estudio del fondo de ojo. Las pruebas de detección precoz son los campos visuales (VF), junto con la tomografía óptica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT). El electrorretinograma multifocal (ERGmf) puede proporcionar una corroboración objetiva de los campos visuales, y la autofluorescencia del fondo de ojo (FAF) la topografía de las lesiones. El objetivo de estos exámenes es detectar la retinopatía antes de que sea visible en el fondo de ojo. Dado el bajo riesgo inicial de retinopatía por HCQ o CQ con una dosis adecuada y en ausencia de factores de riesgo importantes, puede posponerse la revisión anual hasta que hayan transcurrido cinco años de exposición al fármaco. Ninguna dieta o tratamiento médico ha demostrado ser eficaz para prevenir, tratar o reducir el riesgo de retinopatía inducida por HCQ y CQ, salvo la suspensión de la medicación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydroxychloroquine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chloroquine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Toxicity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adverse effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diagnostic techniques]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ophtalmological]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lupus erythematosus systemic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hidroxicloroquina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Clroquina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Toxicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efectos adversos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Técnicas diagnósticas oftalmológicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lupus eritematoso sistémico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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