<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-8417</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Historia y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Hist. Soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-8417</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-84172019000200023</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/hys.n37.78401</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El tiempo, el mar, el mundo: grafías del tiempo en las culturas ibéricas (siglos XVI-XVII)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Time, the Sea, and the World: Writing and Representing Time in Iberian Cultures (16th-17th Centuries)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O Tempo, o mar, o mundo: grafias do tempo nas culturas ibéricas (século XVI-XVII)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrió-Cataldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo-Ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[París ]]></addr-line>
<country>Francia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>37</numero>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-84172019000200023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-84172019000200023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-84172019000200023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo analiza una diversidad de fuentes impresas y manuscritas, producidas a lo largo del siglo XVI y XVII principalmente en Europa, con el objetivo de interrogar el rol que la escritura, la representación y el cálculo del tiempo juegan en el contexto de la expansión de las monarquías ibéricas. Partiendo de la idea de que dichas operaciones intelectuales se inscriben en dinámicas culturales y sociales precisas, el artículo explora principalmente tres temas: los saberes que participan en la conceptualización del tiempo, los mecanismos utilizados para la difusión de dicho conocimiento y la frecuente valoración del tiempo, de su cálculo y de su escritura como elementos claves sobre los que basar oposiciones sociales y culturales. Dichas oposiciones dan forma, parcialmente, al mundo ibérico y la sociedad colonial que emerge con su expansión. A través de esta triple perspectiva, el artículo brinda un estudio de determinadas fuentes que permiten cuestionar la compleja narrativa historiográfica en torno a la idea de un tiempo occidental fruto de los desarrollos tecnológicos, científicos y políticos acaecidos en Europa durante la Época Moderna.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this article, I analyse a range of printed and handwritten sources produced during the 16th and 17th centuries, mainly in Europe. I explore the role played by the writing, representation and calculation of time during the expansion of the Iberian monarchies. Drawing on the idea that these intellectual operations were inscribed in precise cultural and social dynamics, I cover three main topics: the different branches of knowledge involved in the conceptualization of time; how this knowledge was circulated; and the construction of social and cultural oppositions based on assessments of the calculation and the writing of time. These oppositions, I argue, partly shaped the Iberian world, as well as the colonial society that emerged from its expansion. Following this threefold approach, I examine a selection of sources with the aim of discussing the complex historiographical narrative around the idea of a "Western time" resulting from the technological, scientific and political developments that took place in Europe during the early modern period.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O artigo analisa diferentes fontes impressas e manuscritas produzidas ao longo dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente na Europa. O objetivo principal é questionar o papel que a escrita, a representação e o cálculo do tempo desempenharam no contexto da expansão das monarquias ibéricas. Partindo da ideia de que essas operações intelectuais estão inscritas em dinâmicas culturais e sociais precisas, o artigo explora três pontos principais: os diferentes saberes que participam na conceptualização do tempo, os mecanismos utilizados para a difusão deste conhecimento e a frequente consideração do tempo, do seu cálculo e da sua escrita como elementos-chave sobre os quais apoiar oposições sociais e culturais que deram forma, parcialmente, ao mundo ibérico e a sociedade colonial que emerge com sua expansão. Com base nessa tripla perspectiva, o artigo fornece um estudo baseado na seleção e análise de determinadas fontes com o objetivo de discutir a complexa narrativa historiográfica em torno da ideia de um "tempo ocidental", fruto dos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos, científicos e políticos da Europa durante a Época Moderna.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia moderna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia de la ciencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia de la técnica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultura material]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early modern history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history of science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history of technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[material culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história moderna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história da ciência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história da tecnologia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tempo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cultura material]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid-España ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca General Histórica de la Universidad de Salamanca]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Salamanca-España ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca Histórica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid-España ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE)]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid-España ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa-Portugal ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca Real de Dinamarca]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Copenhague-Dinamarca ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[John Carter Brown Library]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Providence-Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerónimo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lunario Nuevo]]></source>
<year>1594</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alcalá de Henares ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[en casa de Juan Gracián que sea en gloria 1606]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerónimo de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chronographia o Reportorio de los tiempos el mas copioso y preciso que hasta agora ha salido a la luz]]></source>
<year>1576</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sevilla ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alonso Escribano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guaman Poma de Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno]]></source>
<year>1615</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavanha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Baptista]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regimento náutico]]></source>
<year>1595</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Simão Lopez]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrico]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reportorio de los tiempos,y historia natural desta Nueva España]]></source>
<year>1606</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pragmatica sobre los diez dias del año]]></source>
<year>1584</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santa Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alonso de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Astronómico Real]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Salamanca-España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblioteca General Histórica de la Universidad de Salamanca]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las edades del hombre y del mundo según Hierónimo Chaves, de Sevilla, y Guaman Poma de Ayala, del Perú]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schobinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Humanismo siglo XX: estudios dedicados al Dr. Juan Adolfo Vázquez]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>291-7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Juan ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de San Juan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baroni-Vannucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jan Van Der Straet Detto Giovanni Stradano. Flandrus Pictor et Inventor]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Milán - Roma ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Jandi Sapi]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bénat-Tachot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Louise]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alonso de Santa Cruz, Un Expert Au Service de l'Empire?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Phelan Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[carlett]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Soler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Passeurs, mediadores culturales y agentes de la primera globalización en el mundo ibérico, siglos XVI-XIX]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonner-McGinty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alice]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stradanus (Jan van Der Straet): His Role in the Visual Communication of Renaissance Discoveries, Technologies, and Values]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tufts University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouza-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El tiempo. Cómo pasan las horas, los días y los años. La cultura del reloj]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcalá-Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Vida cotidiana en la España de Velazquez]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<page-range>21-8</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Temas de Hoy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouza-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Corre manuscrito: una historia cultural del Siglo de Oro]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning to Write Numerals in the Middle Ages]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pamela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teaching Writing, Learning to Write: Proceedings of the XVI th Colloquium of the Comité International de Paléographie Latine]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>233-40</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[King's College London]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Numerals and Arithmetic in the Middle Ages]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Farnham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate Variorum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañizares-Esguerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New World, New Stars: Patriotic Astrology and the Invention of Indian and Creole Bodies in Colonial Spanish America, 1600-1650]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Historical Review]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Certeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L'écriture de l'histoire]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gallimard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cipolla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlo Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las máquinas del tiempo y de la guerra. Estudios sobre la génesis del capitalismo]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Poma de Ayala: entre los conceptos andino y europeo del tiempo]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuzco ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de las Casas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate Its 400 th Anniversary, 1582-1982]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roma ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Academia Scientiarum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuesta-Domingo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alonso de Santa Cruz y su obra cosmográfica]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dohrn-van Rossum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerhard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[History of the Hour]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eliade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mircea]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mythe de l'étemel Retour: Archétypes et Répétition]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gallimard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Du Temps]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Librairie Arthème Fayard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guaman Poma, Hieronymo de Chaves and the Kings of Persia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Indian Literatures Journal]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>46-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>[33]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julius Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Voices of Time, a Cooperative Survey of Man's Views of Time as Understood by the Sciences and by the Humanities]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[George Braziller]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>[34]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soledad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guaman Poma y el Repertorio anónimo (1554): una fuente para las edades del mundo en la Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chungara. Revista de Antropología Chilena]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>377-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>[35]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goody]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jack]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Theft of History]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge - Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>[36]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grafton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Joseph Scaliger and Historical Chronology: The Rise and Fall of a Discipline]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[History and Theory]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>156-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>[37]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grafton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Joseph Scaliger: A Study in the History of Classical Scholarship]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford - Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Clarendon Press - Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>[38]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grafton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dating History: The Renaissance &amp; the Reformation of Chronology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Daedalus]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>74-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>[39]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gruzinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Serge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Les Mondes Mêlés de La Monarchie Catholique et Autres 'Connected Histories']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales, Sciences Sociales]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>85-117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>[40]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gruzinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Serge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quelle Heure Est-Il Là-Bas? Amérique et Islam à l'orée Des Temps Modernes]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Seuil]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>[41]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[François]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anciens, Modernes, Sauvages]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Galaade]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>[42]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ross]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Time, History, and Belief in Aztec and Colonial Mexico]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Austin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Texas Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>[43]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Horapollo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The Hieroglyphics of Horapollo]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>[44]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jassens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paumen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stradanus, 1523-1605: Court Artist of the Medici]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Turnhout ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brepols]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>[45]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saul David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Massachussetts ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Belknap Press of Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>[46]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Goff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaques]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Au moyen âge: Temps de l'église et temps du marchand]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales E.S.C]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>417-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>[47]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López de Coca-Castañer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las capitulaciones y la Granada mudéja]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La incorporación de Granada a la Corona de Castilla. Actas del symposium conmemorativo del quinto centenario]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Granada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diputación Provincial de Granada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>[48]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frédéric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Portugal, Le Brésil et l'Atlantique Au XVlle Siècle: Étude Économique]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa - Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>[49]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco De la]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enrico Martínez, cosmógrafo e impresor de Nueva España]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>[50]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKitterick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Print, Manuscript, and the Search for Order, 1450-1830]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>[51]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Momigliano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arnaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Time in Ancient Historiography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[History and Theory]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>[52]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mumford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lewis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Technics and Civilization]]></source>
<year>1934</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York - Burlingame ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brace &amp; World]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>[53]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nothaft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Philipp E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Scandalous Error: Calendar Reform and Calendrical Astronomy in Medieval Europe]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>[54]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo-Tomás]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia y censura. La inquisición española y los libros científicos en los siglos XVI y XVII]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>[55]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorraine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Cambridge History of Science. Early Modern Science]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>[56]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel-Igea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Félix]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Iberian Vision: Science and Empire in the Framework of a Universal Monarchy, 1500-1800]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Osiris]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>[57]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicente-Maroto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Crespo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Félix]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La recuperación del gran tratado científico de Alonso de Santa Cruz: el astronómico real]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asclepio: Revista de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>[58]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sophie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Une Source Européenne de La Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno de Guaman Poma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de La Société Des Américanistes]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>97-116</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>[59]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portuondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Secret Science. Spanish Cosmography and the New World]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>[60]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha-Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Viagem, memória e espaço. A literatura portuguesa de viagens. Os primitivos relatos de viagem ao índico 1497-1550]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Livraria Sá da Costa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>[61]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonella]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Contre-Réforme Mathématique: Constitution et Diffusion d'une Culture Mathématique Jésuite à La Renaissance (1540-1640)]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roma ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ecole française de Rome]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>[62]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonella]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impresiones de China. Europa y el englobamiento del mundo (siglos XVI-XVll)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>[63]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grafton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cartographies of Time]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton Architectural Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>[64]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thapar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Time as a Metaphor of History]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>[65]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Past and Present]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>56-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>[66]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vicente-Maroto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aspectos de la ciencia aplicada en la España del Siglo de Oro]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Junta de Castilla y León]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>[67]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aby]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Renacimiento del paganismo. Aportaciones a la historia cultural del Renacimiento europeo]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
