<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-0667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Médica de Risaralda]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista médica Risaralda]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-0667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-06672021000200102</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Uso de Antibióticos y Resistencia Antimicrobiana en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Henao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo-Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yonatan Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grajales-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinasco-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Grupo de Investigación de Medicina Interna ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pereira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Jorge de Pereira  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pereira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff3  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff4  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-06672021000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-06672021000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-06672021000200102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La sepsis neonatal constituye una de las principales causas de mortalidad neonatal en los países en desarrollo. Los neonatos, en particular los prematuros, tienen un mayor riesgo de infecciones bacterianas, por lo que el manejo con antibióticos constituye la terapia más frecuente en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal (UCIN), estimándose en hasta un 70%. La presentación clínica de la sepsis neonatal es inespecífica en muchas ocasiones, lo que hace que la antibioticoterapia empírica se inicie tempranamente para evitar consecuencias deletéreas para los pacientes; su inespecificidad la caracteriza como un reto diagnóstico, por lo que diferentes autores han diseñado estrategias para determinar neonatos candidatos a terapia antimicrobiana. La microbiología permanece en contacto estrecho con la clínica ya que conocer los gérmenes frecuentemente asociados a la sepsis neonatal ayuda a determinar el espectro antibiótico a usar. De igual forma, el conocimiento de la farmacología antibiótica es clave puesto que el tratamiento antibiótico no es inocuo y puede asociarse a aumento de morbilidad o mortalidad. El tiempo de evolución y los factores de riesgo maternos están asociados a los gérmenes responsables esperados, ya descritos por múltiples estudios descriptivos a nivel mundial. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos de amplio espectro para el manejo de infecciones en los recién nacidos ha generado un aumento en la resistencia antibiótica, lo que a su vez lleva a tasas más altas de fallo terapéutico con el uso de las terapias antibióticas empíricas. A razón de lo anterior, los Programas de Vigilancia de Uso de Antibióticos juegan un papel determinante para monitorear el cambio en la resistencia a nivel local para ajustar y homogeneizar la práctica médica que logre regular el uso de antibióticos y mitigar la emergente resistencia bacteriana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Neonatal sepsis constitutes one of the main causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Newborns, particularly premature newborns, have a higher risk of bacterial infections that result in frequent administration of antibiotics in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), which is estimated to be as high as 70%. The clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis is nonspecific, prompting the early use of empirical antibiotic prescription to avoid adverse consequences in the patients. Its non-specificity characterizes it as a challenging diagnostic, this aspect led several authors to design strategies to determine which newborns are true candidates for antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is closely linked to clinical practice. Thus, knowing the most frequent bacteria associated with neonatal sepsis will be closely related to the antibiotic spectrum that should be used to treat it. Furthermore, knowledge on basic pharmacology is key inasmuch as the antimicrobial treatment is not innocuous and can be related to an increase in mortality and morbidity. Clinical course and maternal risk factors are associated with the expected responsible germs that are already described in multiple descriptive studies worldwide. Indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the management of newborn infections is leading to antibiotic resistance increase. At the same time, this is related to even higher rates of therapeutic failure with empiric antimicrobial treatment. Based on this, Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs play a determinant role to monitor the changes in local resistance to adjust and homogenize medical practice to regulate the use of antibiotics and mitigate the emergent and threatening antimicrobial bacterial resistance.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Farmacorresistencia microbiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neonatología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[programas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuidado intensivo neonatal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibacterianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microbial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neonatology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial stewardship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intensive care]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neonatal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibacterial agents]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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