<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-5383</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.T.F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-5383</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) - ECOPETROL S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-53832019000200089</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29047/01225383.122</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[EFFECT OF IMPURITIES PRESENT IN THE CRUDE GLYCEROL POLYMERIZATION REACTION TO PRODUCE POLYGLYCEROL]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[EFECTO DE LAS IMPUREZAS EN LA REACCIÓN DE POLIMERIZACIÓN DEL GLICEROL CRUDO PARA PRODUCIR POLIGLICEROL]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carolina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ardila-Suárez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeimmy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rojas-Cristancho]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jennifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pineda- Martínez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramirez-Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramirez-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Escuela de Ingeniería Química Grupo de Investigación en Polímeros]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Escuela de Ingeniería Química Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>97</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-53832019000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-53832019000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-53832019000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Crude glycerol (CG) is a low-cost biodiesel industry co-product in a ratio of 1:10 with the main product. The large quantities of CG produced affect the biodiesel and glycerol markets. Consequently, the exploration of new applications for CG becomes crucial. As the composition of CG differs significantly from that of purified glycerol, this work was focused on studying the effect of CG impurities on its polymerization, as this process, at the same reaction conditions established for the polymerization of purified glycerol, did not result in polymeric products. To identify the reason for this result, the CG was fully characterized to identify its composition. Hence, an experimental design using simulated-CG was performed to study the effect of the most abundant impurities in the CG on the polymerization and the impurities that would persist with such reaction conditions, such as soap and sodium. The response variable for the experimental design was the hydroxyl number of the reaction products. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze differences among the reaction products obtained from different treatments. The presence of soap was identified as primary inhibitory factor and the bottleneck in the formation of polyglycerol via polymerization of CG. Molecular weights of the polymerization reaction products were determined and analyzed as per the MALDI-TOF technique. The identification of the effect of impurities of CG polymerization suggests new routes for using it in the production of high value-added chemicals.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El glicerol crudo es un co producto de bajo valor de la industria del biodiesel, que se produce en una relación 1:10 respecto al producto principal. Las grandes cantidades de glicerol crudo producido afectan los mercados tanto del biodiesel como del glicerol. En consecuencia, es fundamental la exploración de nuevas aplicaciones para el glicerol crudo. La composición del glicerol crudo difiere significativamente del glicerol purificado, es por esto que el presente trabajo busca estudiar el efecto de las impurezas del glicerol crudo en su polimerización ya que este proceso, a las mismas condiciones de reacción que aquellas establecidas para el glicerol purificado, no conlleva a productos poliméricos. Para identificar las razones de este resultado, el glicerol crudo fue totalmente caracterizado para identificar su composición. De acuerdo a esto, un diseño experimental usando glicerol crudo-simulado fue desarrollado para encontrar el efecto de las impurezas más abundante presenten en el glicerol crudo sobre su polimerización, además de las impurezas que permanecen a las condiciones de reacción como jabones y sodio. La variable de respuesta del diseño experimental es el índice de hidroxilo de los productos de reacción. La espectroscopia FT-IR se utilizó para analizar las diferencias entre los productos de reacción obtenidos de diferentes tratamientos. La presencia de jabón se identificó como el principal factor inhibitorio y el cuello de botella en la formación de poliglicerol mediante la polimerización de glicerol en crudo. Los pesos moleculares de los productos de reacción de polimerización se determinaron y analizaron con la técnica MALDI-TOF. La identificación del efecto de las impurezas en la polimerización del glicerol crudo abre las puertas a nuevas futas para su uso en la producción de químicos de alto valor agregado.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Polyglycerol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Polymerization of crude glycerol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Soap effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sodium effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Poliglicerol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Polimerización de glicerol crudo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de jabón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de sodio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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