<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-5383</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.T.F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-5383</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) - ECOPETROL S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-53832020000200061</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29047/01225383.273</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[DOWNHOLE ELECTRIC HEATING OF HEAVY-OIL WELLS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[CALENTAMIENTO ELÉCTRICO DE POZOS DE CRUDO PESADO]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karanikas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo,]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scott,]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Salamander Solutions Inc  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Houston TX]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Petrospec Engineering Inc  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Edmonton ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-53832020000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-53832020000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-53832020000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Downhole electric heating has historically been unreliable or limited to short, often vertical, well sections. Technology improvements over the past several years now allow for reliable, long length, relatively high-powered, downhole electric heating suitable for extended-reach horizontal wells. The application of this downhole electric heating technology in a horizontal cold-producing heavy oil well in Alberta, Canada is presented in this paper. The field case demonstrates the benefits and efficacy of applying downhole electric heating, especially if it is applied early in the production life of the well. Early production data showed 4X-6X higher oil rates from the heated well than from a cold-producing benchmark well in the same reservoir. In fact, after a few weeks of operation it was no longer possible to operate the benchmark well in pure cold-production mode as it watered out, whereas the heated well has been producing for twenty (20) months without any increase in water rate. The energy ratio, defined as the heating value of the incremental produced oil to the injected heat, is over 20.0, resulting in a carbon-dioxide footprint of less than 40 kgCO2/bbl, which is lower than the greenhouse gas intensity of the average crude oil consumed in the US. A numerical simulation model that includes reactions that account for the foamy nature of the produced oil and the downhole injection of heat, has been developed and calibrated against field data. The model can be used to prescribe the range of optimal reservoir and fluid properties to select the most promising targets (fields, wells) for downhole electric heating as a production optimization method. The same model can also be used during the execution of the project to explore optimal operating conditions and operating procedures. Downhole electric heating in long horizontal wells is now a commercially available technology that can be reliably applied as a production optimization recovery scheme in heavy oil reservoirs. Understanding the optimum reservoir conditions where the application of downhole electric heating maximizes economic benefits will assist in identifying areas of opportunity to meaningfully increase reserves and production in heavy oil reservoirs around the world.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Históricamente, el calentamiento eléctrico de pozos ha sido poco fiable o se ha limitado a secciones cortas, a menudo verticales. Las mejoras tecnológicas en los últimos años permiten un rendimiento muy confiable, de larga duración y relativamente alta potencia adecuada para pozos horizontales de largo alcance. En este documento se presenta la aplicación de esta tecnología de calentamiento eléctrico en un pozo horizontal de petróleo pesado en Alberta que producía previamente sin calentamiento (en frio). El caso de campo demuestra los beneficios y la eficacia de aplicar calentamiento eléctrico de pozos, especialmente si se aplica pronto en la vida de producción del pozo. Los primeros datos de producción mostraron tasas de petróleo 4X-6X más altas en el pozo calentado que en un pozo gemelo y próximo de referencia que produce "en frío" en el mismo yacimiento. De hecho, después de unas pocas semanas de funcionamiento el pozo de referencia dejo de producir, mientras que el pozo calentado ha estado produciendo durante veinte (20) meses sin ningún aumento en la tasa de agua. La relación de energía, definida como el valor energético del crudo producido incremental al calor inyectado, es superior a 20.0, lo que resulta en una huella de dióxido de carbono de menos de 40 kg CO2 / bbl, cantidad menor que la promedio del crudo producido en los Estados Unidos. Se ha desarrollado y calibrado un modelo de simulación numérica que incluye reacciones que tienen en cuenta la naturaleza espumosa del crudo producido con la inyección de calor en el fondo del pozo y se compararon con datos de campo. El modelo se puede usar para definir el rango de propiedades óptimas de yacimientos y fluidos para seleccionar los objetivos más prometedores (campos, pozos) para el calentamiento eléctrico de pozos como método de optimización de la producción. El mismo modelo también se puede utilizar durante la ejecución del proyecto para optimizar parámetros operacionales y procedimientos operativos. El calentamiento eléctrico de pozos horizontales es ya una tecnología comercialmente viable que se puede aplicar de manera segura como un método de recuperación mejorada en la producción en yacimientos de petróleo pesado. Comprender las condiciones óptimas de los yacimientos donde la aplicación del calentamiento eléctrica de pozos maximiza los beneficios económicos ayudará a identificar áreas de oportunidad para aumentar significativamente las reservas y la producción en yacimientos de petróleo pesado en todo el mundo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Downhole electric heating]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heavy oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enhanced Oil Recovery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CO2 emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Calentamiento electrico de fondo de pozo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crudo pesado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Recuperacion mejorada de petroleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Emisiones de CO2]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ollier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johannson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["Successful Application of Hot-Water Circulation in the Pelican lake Field: Results and Analyses of the E29 Hot-Water-Injection Pilot",]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Can. Pet. Technol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>06</numero>
<issue>06</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blonz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Hot Oil Circulation to Improve Oil Recovery: Results of the First Pilot"]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Petroleum Technology Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ucan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Federici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azcurra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Electrical Wellbore Heating in Environmentally Sensitive llancanelo Field, Argentina"]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Society of Petroleum Engineers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA["Feasibility of using electrical downhole heaters in Faja heavy-oil reservoirs"]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<source><![CDATA["Downhole Electrical Heating for Heavy Oil Enhanced Recovery: a Successful Application in Offshore Congo"]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Petroleum Technology Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ojeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Use of Electric Downhole Heaters to Improve Production and Recovery of Heavy, Viscous Oil in California and Venezuela"]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sivakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. C. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Field Pilot Test of Thermal Stimulation of Rubble Reservoir Using Down Hole Induction Heaters"]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovscek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["History and Applications of Resistance Electrical Heaters in Downhole Oil Field Applications"]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karanikas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waddell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Field Case Studies of Downhole Electric Heating in Two Horizontal Alberta Heavy Oil Wells"]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Society of Petroleum Engineers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CMG, STARS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Thermal &amp; Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yiping]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Effects of Temperature on Foamy Solution-Gas Drive"]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of Calgary]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schild]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["A Theory for the Effect of Heating Oil Producing Wells"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Petroleum Transactions]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<volume>210</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["A Simple Approach for Quantifying Accelerated Production Through Heating Producer Wells"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SPE Journal]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>01</numero>
<issue>01</issue>
<page-range>316-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleveland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA["Order from Chaos: A Preliminary Protocol for Determining the EROI of Fuels"]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>18881907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>United States Environmental Protection Agency: Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
