<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-5383</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.T.F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-5383</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) - ECOPETROL S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-53832022000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29047/01225383.403</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[BIODEGRADATION AND TOXICITY OF SCLEROGLUCAN FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[BIODEGRADACIÓN Y TOXICIDAD DEL ESCLEROGLUCANO PARA RECOBRO MEJORADO DE PETRÓLEO]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Mateus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zully-Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angarita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa-Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhorman-Alexis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corredor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura-Milena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llanos Gallo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henderson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén-Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Desarrollo en tecnologías de Hidrocarburos DTH SAS  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Piedecuesta Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnólogos e Ingenieros de la Industria del Petróleo TIP  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Meridian Consulting  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá Cundinamarca]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-53832022000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-53832022000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-53832022000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Polymer flooding consists of injecting polymer-augmented water into the reservoir to control the water-oil mobility ratio, resulting in an increase in the volumetric sweep efficiency compared to water flooding. Synthetic polymers (polyacrylamides) and biopolymers (scleroglucan, xanthan gum, schizophyllan) are the two families of polymers usually evaluated for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Scleroglucan (SG) is resistant to electrolytes, hydrolysis, pH (3-10) and temperature (30-100°C) and has remarkable rheological properties, but it is quite susceptible to microbiological degradation. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation of SG in the injection and production processes and its aquatic toxicity. The anaerobic biodegradation of the SG solutions was determined through the viscosity changes of the solutions, while the aerobic biodegradation was calculated with the changes in the SG concentration. It was observed that the viscosity reduction of the SG solution was 30% and the SG concentration decreased from 100 ppm to 52 ppm because bacteria can metabolize the biopolymer. Daphnia pulex, Scenedesmus acutus and Oreochromis sp. were the organisms used in the ecotoxicological assays of the SG solutions. The acute ecotoxicological bioassays showed that there was no evidence of acute deleterious effects of SG on any of the three organisms. From the chronic ecotoxicological bioassays, it was concluded that there was no effect of SG on the mortality of Daphnia pulex, regardless of the tested SG concentration.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La inyección de polímeros en el yacimiento es usada para incrementar la viscosidad del agua para controlar la relación de movilidad agua-petróleo, lo que resulta en un aumento en la eficiencia de barrido volumétrico, en comparación con el proceso de inyección de agua. Los polímeros sintéticos (poliacrilamidas) y biopolímeros (escleroglucano, goma xantana, esquizofilano) son las dos familias de polímeros más usadas para la recuperación mejorada de petróleo (EOR). El escleroglucano (SG) es resistente a electrolitos, hidrólisis, pH (3- 10) y temperatura (30-100°C) y tiene excelentes propiedades reológicas, pero es susceptible a la degradación microbiana. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la biodegradación de SG durante su inyección y producción y su toxicidad acuática. La biodegradación anaeróbica de las soluciones SG se determinó a través de los cambios de viscosidad de las soluciones, mientras que la biodegradación aeróbica fue calculada por los cambios en la concentración de SG. Se observó que la reducción de la viscosidad de la solución SG fue del 30% y que la concentración de SG disminuyó de 100 a 52 ppm, porque las bacterias pueden metabolizar el biopolímero. Daphnia pulex, Scenedesmus acutus y Oreochromis sp. fueron los organismos utilizados en los ensayos ecotoxicológicos de las soluciones SG. Los bioensayos ecotoxicológicos agudos mostraron que no hay evidencia de efectos nocivos agudos del SG en ninguno de los tres organismos. A partir de los bioensayos ecotoxicológicos crónicos se concluyó que no hay efecto del SG en la mortalidad de Daphnia pulex, a las concentraciones de SG evaluadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biodegradation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Toxicity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biopolymer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Scleroglucan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biodegradación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Toxicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Recuperación Mejorada de Petróleo (EOR)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biopolímero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escleroglucano]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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