<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-7238</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.hist.educ.latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-7238</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica de Colombia - UPTC]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-72382020000200253</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01227238.u969</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una lectura comparativa sobre el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los docentes venezolanos entre 1996 y 2018]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A comparative reading on the level of job satisfaction of Venezuelan teachers between 1996 y 2018]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Uma leitura comparativa sobre o nivel de satisfação laboraldos docentes venezuelanos entre 1996 e 2018]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tulio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Doris Lilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Andrés Bello Grupo de investigación Lenguajes en Educación (LEEN) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Grupo de investigación Lenguajes en Educación (LEEN) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>35</numero>
<fpage>253</fpage>
<lpage>272</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-72382020000200253&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-72382020000200253&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-72382020000200253&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El  objetivo de esta investigación es comparar los niveles de satisfacción laboral de una muestra de docentes venezolanos de educación primaria y bachillerato del sector oficial, entre los años de 1996 y 2006.  Originalidad: Se evidenciaron altos niveles de insatisfacción laboral en los siete factores que cargan la escala aplicada, cuyos resultados se compararon con los obtenidos entre 1996 y 2006 y se observó una profundización del estado de insatisfacción que hace 24 años ya se percibía, sobre todo en los factores extrínsecos al oficio, como remuneraciones, ambiente de trabajo y sus condiciones, así como con los beneficios.  Método: se consideró la investigación de enfoque mixto, con la cual se utiliza la  estrategia de la escala de satisfacción laboral, administrada de manera on line y construida desde la Teoría Bifactorial elaborada por Herzberg, Mausner y Snyderman en 1959. La conclusión resalta que los factores intrínsecos o motivadores que tienen que ver con la naturaleza misma del trabajo (reconocimiento de la labor, autonomía profesional y trabajo en sí mismo) presentan niveles de satisfacción muy por debajo de los encontrados en los estudios previos referidos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The research  aims at comparing the levels of job satisfaction of a sample of Venezuelan official teachers of Primary and High School during the years of 1996 and 2006.  Originality: High levels of job dissatisfaction were evidenced in the 7 factors that load the scale applied. Comparing these results with those achieved in 1996 and 2006, there was a deepening of the state of dissatisfaction which particularly had already been perceived since 24 years ago in extrinsic factors to work such as remuneration, the job environment and its conditions, as well as with profits.  Method: a mixed approach research has been considered, with which the  strategy of the job satisfaction scale is used, managed in online way and built from the Bifactorial Theory elaborated by Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman in 1959. The conclusion highlights that the intrinsic or motivating factors that have to do with the nature of the work itself (recognition of work, professional autonomy and work in itself) present satisfaction levels as well as those found in the previous studies referred to.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO O  objetivo desta pesquisa é comparar os níveis de satisfação laboral de uma amostra de docentes oficiais, venezuelanos de Educação Primária e Ensino Médio, durante os anos de 1996 a 2006.  Originalidade: se evidenciaram altos níveis de insatisfação laboral nos 7 fatores que compõem a escala aplicada. Ao comparar estes resultados com os obtidos em 1996 e 2006, se observou um aprofundamento do estado de insatisfação, que já se percebia há 24 anos, sobretudo nos fatores intrínsecos ao trabalho como as remunerações, o ambiente de trabalho e suas condições, assim como os benefícios.  Método: considera-se a pesquisa de enfoque misto, com o qual se utiliza  a estratégia da escala de satisfação laboral, administrada de maneira on line e construída a partir da Teoria Bifatorial elaborada por Herzberg, Mausner e Snyderman em 1959. A  conclusão ressalta que os fatores intrínsecos ou motivadores que têm relação com a natureza mesma do trabalho (reconhecimento do labor, autonomia profissional e trabalho em si mesmo) apresentam níveis de satisfação muito abaixo dos encontrados nos estudos prévios referidos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[magisterio venezolano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[satisfacción laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[maestros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría bifactorial.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuelan teaching]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[job satisfaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[teachers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bifactorial theory.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Magistério venezoelano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[satisfação laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[docentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Teoria Bifatorial.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Satisfaction in job]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cornell review]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>12-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Milton I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología industrial: Sus fundamentos teóricos y sociales]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trillas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byars]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lloyd]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leslie W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Administración de recursos humanos. Conceptos y aplicaciones]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nueva Editorial Interamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Íñiguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Satisfacción laboral de profesionales de la salud en el IMSS, Jalisco 1999-2002]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Médica IMSS]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>193-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flippo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edwin B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios de administración de personal]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis macroeconómico de la satisfacción laboral]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Económico y Social]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estadística en psicología y educación]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández S.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernández C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baptista L]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la investigación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hackman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Employee reactions to job characteristics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Psychology]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>259-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herzberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederick]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mausner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloch Snyderman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barbara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Motivation To Work]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lyman W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What job attitudes tell about motivation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harvard Business Review]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>118-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ley del Plan de la Patria. Segundo Plan Socialista de Desarrollo Económico y Social de la Nación 2013-2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magnunson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de los tests]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trillas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mc Gregor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Douglas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El aspecto humano de las empresas]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maslow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abraham H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Motivation and Personality]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper and Row]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maslow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abraham H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El management según Maslow: Una visión humanista para la empresa de hoy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Paidós Ibérica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teoría del ajuste laboral y orientación vocacional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>529-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las relaciones humanas en la industria]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Selección Contable]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tulio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Aubeterre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La satisfacción laboral del maestro venezolano. Un abordaje a partir del análisis de componentes principales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manterola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La enseñanza desde la participación de los actores. Hacia una escuela innovadora]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIES-Universidad Central de Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tulio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Aubeterre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un estudio sobre estrés laboral en una muestra de maestros de Educación Básica del área metropolitana de Caracas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ExtraMuros]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>129</numero>
<issue>129</issue>
<page-range>69-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tulio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Aubeterre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción de estresores en profesores universitarios venezolanos. Un estudio descriptivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Akademus]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1 y 2</numero>
<issue>1 y 2</issue>
<page-range>113-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seijas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Venezuela cerró 2018 con una inflación de casi 1.700.000%]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Nacional]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
