<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-7483</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas Scientiarum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Univ. Sci.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-7483</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-74832015000200009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11144/Javeriana.SC20-2.mdas</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mitochondrial DNA analysis suggests a Chibchan migration into Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis mitocondrial de ADN sugiere urna migración Chibcha a Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Análise de DNA mitocondrial sugere urna migração Chibchan à Colômbia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera-Santamaría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carl Edlund]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uricoechea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clemencia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briceño-Balcázar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Sabana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Sabana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Universitaria Remington  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>261</fpage>
<lpage>278</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-74832015000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-74832015000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-74832015000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) allows the establishment of genetic structures and phylogenetic relationships in human populations, tracing lineages far back in time. We analysed samples of mtDNA from twenty (20) Native American populations (700 individuals) dispersed throughout Colombian territory. Samples were collected during 1989-1993 in the context of the program Expedición Humana ("Human Expedition'') and stored in the Biological Repository of the Institute of Human Genetics (IGH) at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia). Haplogroups were determined by analysis of RFLPs. Most frequent was haplogroup A, with 338 individuals (48.3%). Haplogroup A is also one of the most frequent haplogroups in Mesoamerica, and we interpret our finding as supporting models that propose Chibchan-speaking groups migrated to northern Colombia from Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. Haplogroup C was found in 199 individuals (28.4%), while less frequent were B and D, with 113 and 41 (16% and 6%) individuals, respectively. The haplogroups of nine (9) individuals (1.3%) could not be determined due to the low quality of the samples of DNA. Although all the sampled populations had genetic structures that fit broadly into the patterns that might be expected for contemporary Central and South American indigenous groups, it was found that haplogroups A and B were more frequent in northern Colombia, while haplogroups C and D were more frequent in southern and south-western Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La caracterización del DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) permite el estudio de estructuras genéticas y de relaciones filogenéticas en poblaciones humanas, al rastrear linajes hacia muy atrás en el tiempo. Analizamos muestras de mtDNA de veinte (20) poblaciones nativas americanas (700 individuos) dispersas por toda Colombia. Las muestras se obtuvieron entre 1989-1993 como parte del programa Expedición Humana y se almacenaron en el Banco Biológico del Instituto de Genética Humana (IGH) de la Pontifica Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia). Los haplogrupos se determinaron mediante análisis de RFLPs. El más frecuente fue el haplogrupo A, con 338 individuos (48.3%). El haplogrupo A es también uno de los más frecuentes en Mesoamérica, y nosotros interpretamos nuestro hallazgo como una evidencia en favor de los modelos según los cuales los grupos que hablaban chibcha migraron al norte de Colombia desde Mesoamérica en tiempos prehistóricos. El haplogrupo C se encontró en 199 individuos (28.4%), mientras que los menos frecuentes fueron B y D con 113 y 41 individuos (16 y 6% respectivamente). No se pudieron determinar los haplogrupos de nueve (9) individuos (1.3%) debido a la baja calidad de las muestras de DNA. Aunque todas las poblaciones muestreadas tienen estructuras genéticas que se ajustan en líneas generales a los patrones que se podrían esperar para grupos indígenas contemporáneos de Centro y Suramérica, encontramos que los haplogrupos A y B eran más frecuentes en el norte de Colombia, mientras los haplogrupos C y D eran más frecuentes en el sur y suroccidente del país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A caracterização de DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA) permite o estabelecimento de estruturas genéticas e relações filogenéticas em populações humanas, rastreando linhagens ao longo do tempo. Nós analisamos amostras de mtDNA de vinte (20) populações Nativas Americanas (700 individuos) distribuidas ao longo do territòrio colombiano. Amostras foram coletadas durante 1989-1993 dentro do contexto do programa Expedido Humana ("Expedición Humana") e armazenados no Repositório Biológico do Instituto de Genética Humana (IGH) da Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia). Haplogrupos foram determinados por análise do polimorfismo no comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (RFLPs). O haplogrupo mais frequente foi o haplogrupo A, com 338 individuos (48,3%). Esse haplogrupo também é um dos mais frequentes em Mesoamérica, e interpretamos nossos resultados como um modelo de suporte que propóe que grupos que falam Chibchan migraram ao Norte de Colombia a partir da Mesoamérica ainda em tempos pré-históricos. Halogrupo C foi encontrado em 199 individuos (28,4%), enquanto que os menos frequentes foram B e D, com 113 e 41 (16% e 6%) individuos, respectivamente. Os haplogrupos de nove (9) individuos (1,3%) nào puderam ser determinados devido à baixa qualidade das amostras de DNA. Embora todas as populações amostradas tinham estruturas genéticas que cabem amplamente nos padróes esperados para os grupos indigenas contemporáneos da América Central e do Sul, foi observado que os haplogrupos A e B foram mais frequente no Norte da Colombia, enquanto que os haplogrupos C e D foram mais frequentes no Sul e Sudoeste da Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mtDNA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Native Americans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human migrations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[South America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[haplogroups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RFLP Method - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mtDNA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nativos americanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migraciones humanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Suramérica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[haplogrupos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Método RFLP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fragmentos de Restricción de Longitud Polimórfica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mtDNA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Nativos Americanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[migração humana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América do Sul]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[haplogrupos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Método RLFP]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Polimorfismo no Comprimento de Fragmentos de Restrição]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  ]]></body><back>
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