<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-8285</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Palabra Clave]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Palabra Clave]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-8285</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Sabana]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-82852020000200001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5294/pacla.2020.23.2.1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hacia una individualización de la política en redes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Towards an individualization of network policies]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Por uma individualização da política em redes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdoba-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Sabana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-82852020000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-82852020000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-82852020000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amnå]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ekman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Standby citizens: Diverse faces of political passivity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>261-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anduiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantijoch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los usos políticos de Internet en España]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>133-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anduiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The political knowledge gap in the new media environment: Evidence from Spain.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Joint Sessions of the ECPR]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardenal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batlle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La utopía virtual: una crítica al ciberoptimismo desde la teoría de la elección racional.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IDP: Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez Eyzaguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La dimensión transnacional de la ciudadanía digital.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, tecnología y cultura: nodos conceptuales para pensar la nueva mediación digital]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>79-118</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benkler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La riqueza de las redes: cómo la producción social transforma los mercados y la libertad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segerberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital media and the personalization of collective action: Social technology and the organization of protests against the global economic crisis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>770-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segerberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>739-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iyengar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>707-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernete García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identidades y mediadores de la ciudadanía digital]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernete García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, tecnología y cultura: nodos conceptuales para pensar la nueva mediación digital]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>151-79</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bimber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Information and political engagement in America: The search for effects of information technology at the individual level.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Research Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bimber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Information and American democracy: Technology in the evolution of political power.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge Univerity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campechano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La mercantilización de la audiencia en internet: los merca-2.0.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Plascencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lay Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campechano Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campechano Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Internet y ciencias sociales: nuevos contextos, diversos actores y futuros escenarios.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>101-34</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Guadalajara, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantijoch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reinforcement and mobilisation: The influence of the Internet on different types of political participation.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political activities on the Internet: Slacktivism or political participation by other means?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[First Monday]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colombo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El uso de Internet y las actitudes políticas: datos cuantitativos y cualitativos de España.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arbor]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>188</volume>
<numero>756</numero>
<issue>756</issue>
<page-range>751-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La colaboración en la esfera pública digital]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, tecnología y cultura: nodos conceptuales para pensar la nueva mediación digital]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>119-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalhgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political communication]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>147-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Media and political engagement: Citizens, communication, and democracy.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mejorar la participación: la democracia y el cambiante entorno de la web]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innerarity]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Champeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Internet y el futuro de la democracia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>45-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political participation in an age of mediatisation: Towards a new research agenda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Javnost-The Public]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>47-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delli Carpini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gen. com: Youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Communication]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>341-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Gennaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Internet and the public: Online and offline political participation in the United Kingdom.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parliamentary Affairs]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>299-313</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comunicología e ingeniería en comunicación social del servicio de redes sociales Facebook: de la arquitectura a la ingeniería de la cultura y la cibercultura.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, tecnología y cultura: nodos conceptuales para pensar.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>285-311</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glenn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Activism or &#8220;Slacktivism?&#8221;: Digital media and organizing for social change.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Communication Teacher]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>81-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hague]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Digital democracy: Discourse and decision making in the information age]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, RU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inglehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inglehart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modernization, cultural change, and democracy: The human development sequence]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Convergence culture: la cultura de la convergencia de los medios de comunicación.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svensson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The emergence of network media logic in political communication: A theoretical approach.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New media &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1241-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lago Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los movimientos sociales en la era de Internet.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Razón y Palabra]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>54</numero>
<issue>54</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lessig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Code Version 2.0.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The governance of cyberspace: Politics, technology and global restructuring.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, RU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Networking democracy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>757-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margolis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Resnick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Politics as Usual: The cyberspace &#8220;Revolution&#8221;.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousand Oaks, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morozov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The brave new world of slacktivism]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negroponte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Being digital]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Random House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bimber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hindman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Internet and four dimensions of citizenship]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford handbook of American public opinion and the media]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>22-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford, RU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford Handbook]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty and the Internet worldwide.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papacharissi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A networked self: Identity, community, and culture on social network sites]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Internet and political participation: Exploring the explanatory links.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>435-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintelier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vissers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of Internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Science Computer Review]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>411-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rheingold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Smart mobs: The next social revolution]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampedro Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Redes de nudos o vacíos? Nuevas tecnologías y tejido social.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documentación Social]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>140</numero>
<issue>140</issue>
<page-range>25-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magallón Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estrategias de organización y acción política digital.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Asociación Española de Investigación de la Comunicación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, comunicación y ciberdemocracia: un enfoque sociocrítico del capitalismo cognitivo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, tecnología y cultura: nodos conceptuales para pensar]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>17-56</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subirats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Todo se mueve. Acción colectiva, acción conectiva: movimientos, partidos e instituciones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>123-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Republic.com.2.0]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsagarousianou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tambini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cyberdemocracy: Technology, cities and civic networks]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, RU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Laer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Aelst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internet and social movement action repertoires]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1146-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villanueva-Mansilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acción conectiva, acción colectiva y medios digitales: posibilidades para la comunicación política en los tiempos de Internet.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contratexto]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>57-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Online participation and mobilisation in Britain: Hype, hope and reality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parliamentary Affairs]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>652-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winograd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From computing machinery to interaction design]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metcalfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Beyond calculation: The next fifty years of computing]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>149-62</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer-Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
