<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-8706</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-8706</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-87062020000100051</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21930/rcta.vol21_num1_art:1282</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conocimiento y uso práctico de plaguicidas en Cuba]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Knowledge and practical use of pesticides in Cuba]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edelbis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houbraken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du Laing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gijs]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Osvaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spanoghe6]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pieter]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sancti Spíritus  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sancti Spíritus  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ghent  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bélgica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ghent  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bélgica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sancti Spíritus  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ghent  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bélgica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-87062020000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-87062020000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-87062020000100051&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El uso no autorizado de plaguicidas, como la aplicación en momentos inadecuados o en cultivos no registrados, es un riesgo potencial para el medio ambiente y la salud humana. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimiento y concientización entre los agricultores sobre el uso, riesgo y peligros asociados con la exposición a plaguicidas en la región agrícola de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Para el desarrollo del objetivo se encuestaron 124 campesinos de la provincia. Los resultados fueron analizados a partir de un análisis descriptivo inicial y luego a través de un análisis de asociación mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado y Correlaciones de Spearman, empleando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Los resultados mostraron que solo el 28,3 % de los agricultores había recibido capacitación específica en plaguicidas. La experiencia personal es el principal impulsor de las decisiones sobre qué plaguicidas usar y cómo utilizarlo. El 35,8 % de los agricultores almacenó plaguicidas en recipientes sin marcar, como botellas de refrescos. Los contenedores vacíos se almacenan para ser incinerados (31,7 %) o reutilizados (42,6 %) para plaguicidas, agua o gasolina. Alrededor del 90 % de los agricultores no utiliza equipos de protección personal. El estudio concluye que la falta de conocimiento, el no uso de equipo de protección personal, la incapacidad para entender las etiquetas y la baja percepción de riesgos son las principales causas de la exposición a los plaguicidas y el riesgo para la salud de los trabajadores y residentes cercanos, así como de los daños al medio ambiente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The unauthorized use of pesticides applied at inappropriate times and/or in unregistered crops is a potential risk to the environment and also to human health. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of farmers on the use, risk, and hazards associated with the exposure to pesticides in the agricultural region of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. To comply with the objective, 124 farmers of this province were surveyed. The results were analyzed initially through a descriptive analysis and then, performing an association analysis using the Chi-Square test and Spearman´s correlations, employing the statistical package SPSS version 20.0. The results showed that only 28.3 % of the farmers had received specific training on pesticides. Personal experience was the main driver for decisions about which pesticides to use and how it would be applied. About 35.8 % of the farmers stored pesticides in unmarked containers, such as soft drink bottles. The empty containers are stored to be incinerated (31.7 %) or reused (42.6 %) for pesticides, water, or fuel. Around 90 % of the farmers surveyed do not use personal protective equipment. The study concludes that the lack of knowledge and use of personal protective equipment, the inability to understand the labels and also the low risk-perception are the main causes of exposure to pesticides and the health risk for workers and nearby residents, as well as the damages caused to the environment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[equipos de protección personal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exposición ocupacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[organofosforados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pequeños agricultores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productos fitosanitarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[occupational exposure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organophosphates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[personal protection equipment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plant protection products]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small lot farmers]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cuba&#8217;s polygon program&#8212;agricultural land rehabilitation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>72-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajayi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akinnifesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Farmers&#8217; Understanding of Pesticide Safety Labels and Field Spraying Practices : A Case Study of Cotton Farmers in Northern Côte d &#8217; Ivoire.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Research and Essay]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>204-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arriaga-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratamiento de pesticidas mediante un sistema acoplado de fotocatálisis solar y humedal subsuperficial]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cali, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta Oficial de la Republica de Cuba]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nerilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade-Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nerilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cocco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pesticide Use and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Small-Scale Agricultural Workers in Southern Brazil.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>783-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante-Villarroel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segales-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zurita-Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez-Arancibia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrico-Condarco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarro-Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso inadecuado de plaguicidas y sus consecuencias en la salud de la población La Villa, Punata, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 2013.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta Médica Boliviana]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spurgeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Problems Associated with Pesticide Use by Irrigation Workers in Ghana.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocupacional Medicine]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>301-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sampling Techniques third edition]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<edition>3a ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, EE. UU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[FAO - Noticias Día Mundial de la Alimentación generar impulso para acabar con el hambre]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Milán, Italia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damalas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eleftherohorinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>1402-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Puerto-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio-Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Pesticides on Health and the Environment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiología]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>372-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deziel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoppin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review A Review of Nonoccupational Pathways for Pesticide Exposure in Women Living in Agricultural Areas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Health Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>515-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doan-Ngoc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Development of An Improved Model to Assess Worker Re-Entry Exposure to Plant Protection Products]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gante, Bélgica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ghent University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eskenazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jewell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Young Mexican-American Children.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Health Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>792-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Consuegra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tendencias en el uso de plaguicidas en el municipio Colón, Provincia Matanzas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura Orgánica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>10-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[FAO Statistical Yearbook 2014 Asia and the Pacific Food and Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bangkok, Thailand ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Consuegra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tendencias en el uso de plaguicidas en Batabanó, provincia Mayabeque.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura Orgánica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>30-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houbraken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauweraerts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fevery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spanoghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pesticide Knowledge and Practice among Horticultural Workers in the Lâm &#272;&#7891;ng Region, Vietnam: A case study of chrysanthemum and strawberries.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>550</volume>
<page-range>1001-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibitayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Egyptian Farmers&#8217; Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Agricultural Pesticides: Implications for Pesticide Risk Communication.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Risk Analysis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>989-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge and Practices of Safety Use of Pesticides among Farm Workers.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lekei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngowi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[London]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Farmers' knowledge, practices and injuries associated with pesticide exposure in rural farming villages in Tanzania.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>389</numero>
<issue>389</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leungo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obopile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oagile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madisa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assefa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urban Vegetable Farmworkers Beliefs and Perception of Risks Associated with Pesticides Exposure : A Case of Gaborone City.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Plant Studies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>114-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantonwine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentin-Blasini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meeker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distribution and Determinants of Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Organophosphate Insecticides in Puerto Rican Pregnant Women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>512-513</numero>
<issue>512-513</issue>
<page-range>337-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García de la Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastidas-Bastidas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. de J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejarano-Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancourt-Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de plaguicidas en un valle agrícola tecnificado en el noroeste de México.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>247-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mederos-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surveillance Subsystem for Acute Poisonings.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>913-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mokhele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential Health Effects of Pesticide use on Farmworkers in Lesotho.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[South Africa Journal of Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>7/8</numero>
<issue>7/8</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mwila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pletschke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Mixtures of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides on Acetylcholinesterase and Application of Chemometrics to Identify Pesticides in Mixtures.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Monitoring and Assessment]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>185</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>2315-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nalwanga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ssempebwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge and Practices of In-Home Pesticide Use : A Community Survey in Uganda.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2011]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>National Bureau of Statistics and Information</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Statistical Yearbook 2014 Sancti Spíritus. Sancti Spíritus]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negatu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kromhout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mekonnen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermeulen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Chemical Pesticides in Ethiopia : A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study on Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Farmers and Farm Workers in Three Farming Systems.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annal of Work Exposures and Health]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>66-551</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngowi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mbise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ijani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[London]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajayi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Northern Tanzania: Pesticides Use Practices, Perceptions, Cost and Health Effects.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Protection]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1617-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ntzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chondrogiorgi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ntritsos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evangelou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tzoulaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Literature Review on Epidemiological Studies Linking Exposure to Pesticides and Health Effects.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EFSA Supporting Publication, EN-497]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>1-159</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obopile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munthali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Farmers&#8217; knowledge, perceptions and management of vegetable pests and diseases in Botswana.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Protection]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1220-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[David-Baldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capote-Marrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intoxicaciones agudas por plaguicidas consultadas al Centro Nacional de Toxicología durante el bienio Acute pesticide poisoning assited at the National Toxicology Centre from 2007-2008.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>415-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nahed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historical Changes in the Process of Agricultural Development in Cuba.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cleaner Production]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>77-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Routt-Reigart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosquete-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de impacto de la supresión de endosulfán en el agroecosistema Güira de Melena, Artemisa, Cuba]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana, Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Agraria de La Habana Fructuoso Rodríguez Pérez]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rother]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[South African Farm Workers&#8217; Interpretation of Risk Assessment Data Expressed as Pictograms on Pesticide Labels.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Research]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>419-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva D]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arancibia H]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulgar G]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astorga C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adasme A]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernanda C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exposición a plaguicidas y prácticas de uso y protección en embarazadas de zona rurales en control de atención primaria en la región de Valparaíso, Chile.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>373-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutherland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oakeshott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toxicity and Residues of Endosulfan Isomers.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review in Environmental Contamination and Toxicology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<page-range>99-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsimbiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moturi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sawe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health Impact of Pesticides on Residents and Horticultural Workers in the Lake Naivasha Region , Kenya.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>24-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UNEP/POPS/POPRC.5/10.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Report of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee on the work of its fifth meeting]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra, Suiza ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varona-Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacto en la salud y el medio ambiente por exposición a plaguicidas e implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas en el cultivo de tomate , Colombia, 2011.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Chilena de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>96-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transición del manejo de plagas en la producción agropecuaria en Cuba.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultura Orgánica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>21-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waichman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Nina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do Farmers Understand the Information Displayed on Pesticide Product Labels? A Key Question to Reduce Pesticides Exposure and Risk of Poisoning in the Brazilian Amazon.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Protection]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>576-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization (WHO)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
