<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-8706</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-8706</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-87062020000300020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21930/rcta.vol21_num3_art:1557</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of cacao cultivars (Theobroma cacao L.) from Dibulla, La Guajira, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de cultivares de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) de Dibulla, La Guajira, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos Ospino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elwi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranguren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yani]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Libre  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Libre  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-87062020000300020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-87062020000300020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-87062020000300020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, cacao plantations are comprised of commercial hybrid cultivars, and although native cacaos are found, they are not widely cultivated. Given the need to verify if these cacao varieties found in the Sierra region belong to the Criollo type genetic group, a phenotypic and genotypic characterization of cacao from the municipality Dibulla, La Guajira was carried out. For this, 11 cultivars were sampled in Mingueo. Phenotypic traits were evaluated using UPOV descriptors for cacao. The qualitative and quantitative parameters were compared through cluster and principal component analyses (PCA), and the quantitative variables through the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Molecular biology protocols were standardized, and the ITS region was sequenced to assess genetic relationships. From the sequences, groupings were carried out utilizing distance and phylogenetic methods. Finally, significant differences were found among the seeds (p = 0.01), and the white coloration of the cotyledon of the criollos or native stands out in contrast to the dark purple coloration of the hybrids. The cluster analysis, PCA, and sequence analysis groupings, showed differences between the group of native cacaos and commercial hybrids cultivated; in addition, native cacaos are related to the Criollo type group.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta los cultivos de cacao están conformados mayoritariamente por cultivares híbridos comerciales y, aunque se encuentran cacaos nativos, estos son poco cultivados. Dada la necesidad de verificar si estos cultivares de cacao encontrados en la Sierra pertenecen al grupo genético tipo Criollo, se realizó una caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de cacaos del municipio Dibulla, La Guajira. Para esto, se muestrearon 11 cultivares en Mingueo. Los rasgos fenotípicos se evaluaron empleando descriptores UPOV para cacao. Los parámetros cualitativos y cuantitativos se cotejaron por análisis de conglomerado y análisis de componentes principales (ACP), y las variables cuantitativas se compararon a través de la prueba no paramétrica test de Mann-Whitney. Para evaluar las relaciones genéticas, se estandarizaron protocolos de biología molecular y se secuenció la región ITS. A partir de las secuencias, se realizaron agrupamientos por métodos de distancia y filogenéticos. Finalmente, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las semillas (p = 0,01), y resalta la coloración blanca del cotiledón de los criollos en contraste con la coloración púrpura oscura de los híbridos. Asimismo, los análisis de conglomerados, ACP y los análisis de secuencias demostraron diferencias entre el grupo de los cacaos nativos y los híbridos comerciales cultivados; además, los cacaos nativos se emparentan con el grupo de cacao tipo Criollo]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Criollo cacao]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[germplasm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phenotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[UPOV descriptors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cacao Criollo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[descriptores UPOV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[germoplasma]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<name>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1879-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</article>
