<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-9761</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-9761</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS "JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS" (INVEMAR)    INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS -JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS- (INVEMAR)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-97612020000100081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.1.775</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Estimation of the ecological and human health risk of mercury in a mangrove area of the La Puntilla estuary, El Oro province, southern Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estimación del riesgo ecológico y a la salud humana del mercurio en una zona de manglar del estuario La Puntilla, provincia de El Oro, sur del Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velásquez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio Colón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivonne Yadira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica de Machala Unidad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,The University of British Columbia Canadian International Resource and Development Institute ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vancouver ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Grupo de investigación Ciencias de Datos Facultad de Ciencias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riobamba ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-97612020000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-97612020000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-97612020000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Present study focused on the evaluation of total mercury concentration and the estimation of ecological risk (Er), the ecological risk index (IR); and the toxic risk or hazard quotient (HQ) for human health in a mangrove area that borders the mouths of the Chaguana and Siete rivers, in La Puntilla estuary in the south of Ecuador. For the determination of the Er, RI, and HQ, we identified three indicators of mercury contamination: sediments, mangrove root, and soft tissue of the bivalve mollusk Anadara tuberculosa. In the mangrove area that borders the mouth of the Chaguana river, the mercury concentration fluctuated between 0,11-0,06 mg/kg in sediments, 0.06-0,01mg/kg in mangrove root, with a more consistence presence of A. tuberculosa, but one bivalve sample reported a level of 0,034 mg/kg of mercury. In contrast to the mangrove area adjacent to the mouth of the Siete river, whose concentrations ranged from 0,77-0,42 in sediments, and 0,15-0,12 in mangrove root, we found the highest mercury contamination, being imperceptible to the presence of A. tuberculosa. Results of the risk analysis indicated that, at the mouth of the Chaguana river, the Er and the RI index were placed in the "low" category. In contrast, at the mouth of the Siete river, the Er was "high," and RI was "moderate." Potential risk to human health was low, consistent with the value of HQ &lt; 1 that considers the consumption of A. tuberculosa and dermal contact through sediments; however, the low presence of the bivalve at the mouth of the Siete river is of concern.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El presente estudio se centra en la evaluación de los niveles de concentración de mercurio total y la estimación del riesgo ecológico (Er), el índice de riesgo ecológico (RI) y el coeficiente de riesgo tóxico o peligro (HQ) para la salud humana en un área de manglar junto a las desembocaduras de los ríos Chaguana y Siete, en el estuario de La Puntilla en el sur de Ecuador. Para la determinación de Er, RI y HQ, identificamos tres indicadores de contaminación por mercurio: sedimentos, raíz de mangle y tejido blando del bivalvo Anadara tuberculosa. En el área de manglar que bordea la desembocadura del río Chaguana, las concentraciones de mercurio fluctuaron entre 0,11±0,06 mg/kg en sedimentos, 0,06±0,01mg/kg en raíz de mangle, con una consistente presencia de A. tuberculosa, pero solo una muestra del bivalvo registró un nivel de 0,034 mg/kg de mercurio. En contraste, en el área de manglar adyacente a la desembocadura del río Siete, las concentraciones de mercurio oscilaron entre 0,77±0,42 mg/kg en sedimentos y 0,15±0,12 mg/kg en la raíz de manglar, siendo imperceptible la presencia de A. tuberculosa. Los resultados del análisis de riesgo indicaron que en la desembocadura del río Chaguana, el Er y el índice de RI se colocaron en la categoría "baja". En contraste, en la desembocadura del río Siete, el Er resultó "alto" y RI resultó "moderado". El riesgo potencial para la salud humana fue bajo, en consistencia con el valor de HQ &lt; 1 que considera el consumo de A. tuberculosa y el contacto dérmico a través de sedimentos; sin embargo, la escasa presencia del bivalvo en la desembocadura del río Siete es de preocupación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological risk index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mercury]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anadara tuberculosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mangrove ecosystem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de riesgo ecológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercurio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anadara tuberculosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecosistema de manglar]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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