<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-9761</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-9761</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS "JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS" (INVEMAR)    INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS -JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS- (INVEMAR)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-97612024000200103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25268/bimc.invemar.2024.53.2.1308</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vulnerability and climate risk analysis of the mangrove socio-ecosystem in Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático del socioecosistema de manglar en Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático del socioecosistema de manglar en Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prüssmann Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abud Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Melissa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Alonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Departamento de Biología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza Colombia-WWF Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza Colombia-WWF Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza Colombia-WWF Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>132</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-97612024000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-97612024000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-97612024000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The mangroves are exposed to threats such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events, in addition to socioeconomic pressures. This study aimed to carry out a vulnerability and risk climate analysis for the Colombian mangrove socioecosystem. 22 threat indicators, eight of sensitivity and 18 of adaptive capacity were used, and through multivariate numerical analysis, the vulnerability and climate risk indices for Colombian Pacific and Caribbean mangroves were generated. The mangroves that presented the highest risk in the Caribbean were located in the Manaure, Tubará and, Puerto Escondido municipalities, while in the Pacific these high-risk areas were located on the southern coast in the Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro, and La Tola municipalities, and in the northern coast in the Bahía Solano municipality. The threat indicators that captured the greatest variability in the analysis were: sea level rise, change in the coastline, change in water supply, change in mangrove coverage due to change in the coastline, change in temperature and precipitation due to El Niño and La Niña, and human footprint. These results are input for climate management of mangroves in Colombia and will contribute to the National Mangrove Program. Likewise, it can contribute to the National Mangrove Restoration Plan, the Nationally Determined Contribution of Colombia (NDC), the Long-Term Climate Strategy of Colombia E 2050, and the Territorial Plans for Climate Change Adaptation of the states and municipalities.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los manglares están expuestos a amenazas como el aumento del nivel del mar, la erosión costera, el aumento de la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos extremos, además de presiones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para el socioecosistema de manglar de Colombia. Se utilizaron 22 indicadores de amenaza, 8 de sensibilidad y 18 de capacidad adaptativa; mediante un análisis numérico multivariado se generaron los índices de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para los manglares del Pacífico y del Caribe de Colombia. Los manglares que presentaron mayor riesgo en el Caribe se ubicaron en los municipios de Manaure, Tubará y Puerto Escondido, mientras que en el Pacífico estas áreas de alto riesgo se ubicaron en la costa sur, en los municipios de Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro y La Tola, y en la costa norte de Bahía Solano. Los indicadores de amenaza que capturaron la mayor variabilidad del análisis fueron: el aumento del nivel del mar, el cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la oferta hídrica, el cambio en la cobertura de manglares por cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la temperatura y la precipitación debido a El Niño y La Niña, y la huella humana. Estos resultados son un insumo para la gestión climática de los manglares en Colombia y contribuirán al Programa Nacional de Manglares. Asimismo, podrán contribuir al Plan Nacional de Restauración de Manglares, la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Colombia (NDC), la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo de Colombia E2050, y los Planes Territoriales de Adaptación al Cambio Climático de los departamentos y municipios.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombian Pacific]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombian Caribbean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[threats]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adaptation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pacífico de Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Caribe de Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[amenazas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adaptación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Åhlén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vigouroux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Destouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydro-climatic changes of wetlandscapes across the world]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci. Rep.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>2754</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alongi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of climate change on mangrove forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr. Clim. Change Rep.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>30-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Photosynthetic gas exchange and carbon isotope ratios of some mangroves in North Queensland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ In: Teas HJ. Physiology and management of mangroves. Tasks for vegetation science, 9.]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>1984</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colombian climatology in CMIP5/CMIP6 models: Persistent biases and improvements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioquia]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<page-range>75-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armentano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Platt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of hurricane Andrew on coastal and interior forests of southern Florida: Overview and synthesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Coast. Res.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>111-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochrane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth and water use of the mangroves Rhizophora apiculata and R. stylosa in response to salinity and humidity under ambient and elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Cell Environ.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1158-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco-Libreros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Threatened mangroves in the Anthropocene: habitat fragmentation in urban coastalscapes of Pelliciera spp. (Tetrameristaceae) in northern South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front. Mar. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>670354</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salzwedel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rehabilitation of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, a mangrove-estuarine system in the Caribbean coast of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean Coast. Manag.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>243-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilarides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Worthington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spalding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global mangrove extent change 1996-2020: Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sens.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>3657</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpenter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosystems]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>765-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural characteristics of the tallest mangrove forests of the American continent: A comparison of ground-based, drone and radar measurements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front. For. Glob. Change]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>732468</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Church]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McInnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sea level rise and the frequency of extreme events around the Australian coastline]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ In: Coast to Coast &#8216;04 - Conference Proceedings, Australia&#8217;s National Coastal Conference; 19-23; Hobart, Australia.]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2004</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Timote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal evaluation of the human footprint in Colombia: Four decades of anthropic impact in highly biodiverse ecosystems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecol. Indic.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<page-range>106630</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahdouh-Guebas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hugé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abuchahla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GMO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cannicci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayatissa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kairo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arachchilage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koedam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mafaziya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TWGF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukherjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prabakaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ratsimbazafy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satyanarayana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thavanayagam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Velde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodehouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reconciling nature, people and policy in the mangrove social-ecological system through the adaptive cycle heuristic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>248</volume>
<page-range>106942</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovacs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preece]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oosterzee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burrows]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Largescale dieback of mangroves in Australia&#8217;s Gulf of Carpentaria: A severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mar. Freshw. Res.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1816-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vulnerability of Fiji&#8217;s mangroves and associated coral reefs to climate change. A Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Suva, Fiji: WWF South Pacific Office]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoddart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangrove ecosystem collapse during predicted sea-level rise: Holocene analogues and implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Coast. Res.]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>151-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Data analysis methods in physical oceanography]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[3rd Edition Amsterdam: Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution and historical perspective of the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Event]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bull. Mar. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>7-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hijmans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Internat. J. Climat.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>4302-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacts of expected climate change on mangroves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrobiologia]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>295</volume>
<page-range>75-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiedler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrography of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prog. Ocean.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>143-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcés-Ordóñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impactos de la contaminación por basura marina en el ecosistema de manglar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta Caribe colombiano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mar. Cost.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>145-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcés-Ordóñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldarriaga-Vélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marine litter pollution in mangrove forests from Providencia and Santa Catalina islands, after Hurricane IOTA path in the Colombian Caribbean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mar. Poll. Bull.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<page-range>112471</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcés-Ordoñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos Mármol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivas-Aguas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-D&#8217;Achiardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canals]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Degradation factors and their environmental impacts on the mangrove ecosystem of the Mallorquin Lagoon, Colombian Caribbean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wetlands]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Lavieren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jungblut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Areki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brighouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bungitak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kilman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sauni Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teariki-Ruatu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tukia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuknavage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pacific island mangroves in a changing climate and rising sea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Unep Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 179]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Nairobi, Kenya]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is the geographic range of mangrove forests in the conterminous United States really expanding?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>2010</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochieng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tieszen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loveland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Ecol. Biogeogr.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>154-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ID]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Late Holocene evidence of coseismic subsidence on the San Juan Delta, Pacific coast of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Coast. Res.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>459-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hickey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ENSO feedback drives variations in dieback at a marginal mangrove site]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci. Rep.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>8130</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ideam</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio nacional del agua 2018]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>452</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Bogotá]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ideam</collab>
<collab>PNUD</collab>
<collab>MADS</collab>
<collab>DNP</collab>
<collab>Cancillería</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Tercera comunicación nacional de Colombia a la Convención Marco De Las Naciones Unidas Sobre Cambio Climático (CMNUCC)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bogotá]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Invemar</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monitoreo de las condiciones ambientales y los cambios estructurales y funcionales de las comunidades vegetales y de recursos pesqueros durante la rehabilitación de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta: Un enfoque de manejo adaptativo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inf. Técn. Final]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santa Marta ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Min. Medio Amb.-Banco Interam. Des.-Invemar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Invemar</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Informe del estado de los ambientes y recursos marinos y costeros en Colombia: Año 2012]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ser. Publ. Per]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Invemar</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elaboración del análisis de vulnerabilidad marino costera e insular ante el cambio climático para el país]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inf. Técn. Final - 001]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>256</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Santa Marta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Invemar</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monitoreo de las condiciones ambientales y los cambios estructurales y funcionales de las comunidades vegetales y de los recursos pesqueros durante la rehabilitación de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inf. Técn. Final]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>178</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Santa Marta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Invemar</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe del estado de los ambientes y recursos marinos y costeros en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>IPCC</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contr. Working Groups I, II and III, Fifth Assess.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachauri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rep. Intergov. Panel Clim. Change.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>151</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPCC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>IPCC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contr. Working Group II, Sixth Assess. Rep. Intergov. Panel Clim. Change.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>3056</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Univ.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Licero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahlen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guittard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hylin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jawitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wdowinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of hydroclimatic change and rehabilitation activities on salinity and mangroves in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wetlands]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>755-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kjerfve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeliger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Lacerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A summary of natural and human-induced variables in coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ecol. Stud.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Niño autumn and winter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys. Res. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>L13705</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spalding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The state of the world&#8217;s mangroves 2022]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Global Mangrove Alliance]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Legendre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Legendre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Numerical ecology]]></source>
<year></year>
<edition>Second</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Li]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsueh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsieh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors regulating carbon sinks in mangrove ecosystems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Glob. Chang. Biol.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>4195-210</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variable impacts of climate change on blue carbon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[One Earth]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>195-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The physiology of mangrove trees with changing climate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical tree physiology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macreadie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MDP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelleway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blue carbon as a natural climate solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat. Rev. Earth Environ.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>826-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vervaeke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Will fluctuations in salt marsh-mangrove dominance alter vulnerability of a subtropical wetland to sea-level rise?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Glob. Change Biol.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>1224-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cahoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does geomorphology determine vulnerability of mangrove coasts to sea-level rise?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dynamic sedimentary environments of mangrove coasts]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLeod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>64</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gland, Switzerland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IUCN]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ID]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frequent non-storm washover of barrier islands, Pacific coast of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Coast. Res.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>182-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fatoyinbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangroves cover change trajectories 1984-2020: The gradual decrease of mangroves in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front. Mar. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>892946</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdollahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Integrated assessment of the climate change impacts on the Gulf Coast region]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>236</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Gulf Coast Climate Change Assess. Counc. (GCRCC) and Louis. State Univ. Graphic Serv.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The global 200: priority ecoregions for global conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>89</numero>
<issue>89</issue>
<page-range>199-224</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Parques Nacionales Naturales</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Actualización plan de manejo Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga 2018-2023]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelckmans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belliard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gourgue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-Granda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temmerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangroves as nature-based mitigation for ENSO-driven compound flood risks in a river delta]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>1463-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perea-Ardila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo-Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La ganancia de manglar y sus implicaciones en el reservorio de carbono del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosistemas]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>2386</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the existence of Lloró (the rainiest locality on Earth): enhanced ocean-atmosphere-land interaction by a low-level jet]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophy. Res. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>1675-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waylen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulwarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Annual and inter-annual variability of the present climate in northern South America and southern Mesoamerica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>234</numero>
<issue>234</issue>
<page-range>3-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuartas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuluaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Linking long-term water balances and statistical scaling to estimate river flows along the drainage network of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Hyd Eng]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kettner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human induced discharge diversion in a tropical delta and its environmental implications: The Patía River, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Hydrol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>424-425</volume>
<page-range>124-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kjerfve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Water discharge and sediment load from the western slopes of the Colombian Andes with focus on Rio San Juan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Geol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>117-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kjerfve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ID]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morphodynamics of a high discharge tropical delta, San Juan River, Pacific coast of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mar Geol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>192</volume>
<page-range>355-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra-Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Cubillos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villanueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mangroves of Colombia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dordrecht: Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandilyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kathiresan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangrove conservation: A global perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biodivers Conserv]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>3523-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fatoyinbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smetanka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Monroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaneda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Stocken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Global mangrove distribution, aboveground biomass, and canopy height]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oak Ridge, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ORNL DAAC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fatoyinbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stovall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denbina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajnsek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A global map of mangrove canopy height with a spatial resolution of 12-meters]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oak Ridge, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ORNL DAAC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snedaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangroves and climate change in the Florida and Caribbean region: scenarios and hypotheses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrobiologia]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>295</volume>
<page-range>43-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spalding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferdaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finlayson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halpern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McManus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Recchia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioscience]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>57</numero>
<issue>57</issue>
<page-range>573-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spalding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McIvor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonneijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Eijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mangroves for coastal defence. Guidelines for coastal managers &amp; policy makers]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>42</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Wetlands International, The Nature Conservancy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trenberth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uncertainty in hurricanes and global warming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>308</volume>
<page-range>1753-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Unep-Nairobi Convention/Usaid/Wiomsa</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidelines on mangrove ecosystem restoration for the Western Indian Ocean Region]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>71</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nairobi ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unep]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coastal systems studies and sustainable development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Report COMAR Inter. Scient. Conf. UNESCO, Paris, 21-25 May 1991]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>276</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Day]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosyst Health Sustain]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>24</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mangrove swamps of the Pacific coast of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr.]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>98-121.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Worthington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andradi-brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhargava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buelow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fatoyinbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilarides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagomasino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Longley-Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lovelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narayan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sievers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Eijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zganjar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spalding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Harnessing big data to support the conservation and rehabilitation of mangrove forests globally]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[One Earth]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>429-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
