<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-9893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Derecho del Estado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Derecho Estado]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-9893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-98932023000400135</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18601/01229893.n57.06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Private Military and Security Companies, Responsibility of States and International Humanitarian Law: Toward an Interdisciplinary Definition-]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empresas militares y de seguridad privadas, responsabilidad de los Estados y Derecho internacional humanitario: Hacia una definición interdisciplinar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[URUEÑA-SÁNCHEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MARIO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OLÁSOLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HÉCTOR]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>57</numero>
<fpage>135</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-98932023000400135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-98932023000400135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-98932023000400135&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of the article is two-fold. First, to identify the elements that distinguish private military and security companies (PMSCs) from other entities. Second, to propose a definition of PMSCs under international humanitarian law (IHL). The hypothesis of the study is that the type of military services provided by PMscs, their direct participation in hostilities and the so-called ' three externalities' are the core elements of PMSCS and provide a solid basis for their definition in IHL. The research methodology applied is based upon the interpretivist epistemological orientation, which is reflected through an open research question which seeks to examine a range of elements and observable processes which contribute to determining the result. To do this, the research question is formulated in such a way that the proposed analysis illustrates the way in which social and international agents represent "the world" and an object of study (PMSCS and their personnel) through their intersubjective interpretations. This is preferred by methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary focuses.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo del artículo es doble. En primer lugar, identificar los elementos que distinguen a las Compañías militares y de seguridad privadas (CMSP) de otras entidades. En segundo lugar, proponer una definición de las CMSP en el derecho internacional humanitario (DIH). La hipótesis del estudio es que el tipo de servicios militares prestados por las CMSP, su participación directa en las hostilidades y las llamadas "tres externalidades" son los elementos centrales de las CMSP y brindan una base sólida para su definición en el DIH. La metodología de investigación aplicada se basa en la orientación epistemológica interpretativista, la cual se refleja a través de una pregunta de investigación abierta que busca examinar una serie de elementos y procesos observables que contribuyen a determinar el resultado. Para ello, la pregunta de investigación se formula de tal forma que el análisis propuesto ilustra la forma en que los agentes sociales e internacionales representan "el mundo" y un objeto de estudio (las CMSP y su personal) a través de sus interpretaciones intersubjetivas. Esta es la preferida por el pluralismo metodológico y los enfoques interdisciplinarios.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Private Military and Security Companies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[military services]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[direct participation in hostilities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international humanitarian law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[States' international responsibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[servicios militares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación directa en las hostilidades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derecho internacional humanitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[responsabilidad internacional de los Estados]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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