<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-9893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Derecho del Estado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Derecho Estado]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-9893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-98932025000300131</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18601/01229893.n63.08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The (AB)uses of the constitutional amendment power in Nicaragua: 1987-2024]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los (AB)usos del poder de reforma constitucional en Nicaragua: 1987-2024]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MERINO-MENJÍVAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MANUEL ADRIÁN]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Gerardo Barrios  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>El Salvador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>63</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-98932025000300131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-98932025000300131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-98932025000300131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The topic of constitutional amendments in Nicaragua has not been widely studied beyond its borders. Since its promulgation in 1987, the Nicaraguan Constitution has been amended approximately sixteen times, modifying over 95 articles. Some of these changes were minimal, while others led to revolutionary alterations that disrupted essential elements such as the form and system of government and fundamental rights. To understand the dynamics of the constitutional amendments carried out between 1987 and the first quarter of 2024, this essay examines the content of those amendments and analyzes the constitutional amendment procedure established by the Nica-raguan Constitution. This procedure, combined with the country's political situation, the absence of explicit unamendable clauses, and a virtually nonexistent judicial review of constitutional amendments, makes it relatively easy to carry out all kinds of changes, with equal potential for both use and abuse of the constitutional amendment power.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El tema de las reformas constitucionales en Nicaragua no ha sido muy estudiado más allá de sus propias fronteras. Desde su promulgación en 1987, la Constitución nicaragüense ha sido reformada alrededor de dieciséis veces. En dichas ocasiones, se modificaron más de 95 artículos. Algunos de estos cambios fueron mínimos, pero otros llevaron a cabo alteraciones revolucionarias que trastocaron elementos esenciales como la forma y sistema de gobierno y los derechos fundamentales. Para comprender la dinámica de las reformas constitucionales llevadas a cabo entre 1987 y el primer trimestre de 2024, se hace un recorrido por el contenido de aquellas y se analiza el procedimiento de reforma constitucional diseñado por la Constitución nicaragüense, que, aunado a la situación política de aquel país, a la ausencia de cláusulas pétreas expresas y a un -prácticamente- inexistente control judicial de las reformas constitucionales, vuelve relativamente fácil la realización de toda clase de cambios, usando y abusando por igual del poder de reforma constitucional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Constitutional amendment procedure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitutional amendment power]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[limits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[judicial review]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Procedimiento de reforma constitucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poder de reforma constitucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[límites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control de constitucionalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reformas constitucionales inconstitucionales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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