<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-9893</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Derecho del Estado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Derecho Estado]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-9893</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-98932025000300243</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18601/01229893.n63.04</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Presidential reelection and unconstitutional mutations in El Salvador: A case of constitutional authoritarian-populism]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reelección presidencial y mutaciones inconstitucionales en El Salvador: un caso de autoritario-populismo constitucional]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HERNÁNDEZ G.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JOSÉ IGNACIO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Andrés Bello  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>63</numero>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>264</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-98932025000300243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-98932025000300243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-98932025000300243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Between May 1-2, 2021, the new National Assembly, under El Salvador's president, removed the justice of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court without proper procedure, citing the need to shield the public from COVID-19 pandemic rulings. The Assembly also appointed new judges without accountability. This mass removal can be seen as an authoritarian move driven by populist rhetoric. Soon after, on September 3, 2021, the new Chamber issued a ruling (case number 1-2021) that offered a new interpretation of the constitutional rules on presidential reelection. This ruling exemplifies "unconstitutional constitutional mutations" carried out through abusive constitutionalism. Instead of interpreting the Constitution, the ruling effectively changed it to permit presidential reelection, resulting in an unconstitutional mutation that modified core constitutional provisions. Similar to Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, El Salvador's Constitutional Chamber replaced constitutional supremacy with the sovereignty of the people, or vox populi, advancing constitutional authoritarian populism.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Presidential Reelection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[El Salvador Constitutional Law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Unconstitutional Mutations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Abusive Constitutionalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Constitutional Authoritarian Populism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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