<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3033</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería y competitividad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. compet.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3033</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-30332017000200045</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/iyc.v19i2.5292</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization of activated carbon synthesized at low temperature from cocoa shell (Theobroma cacao) for adsorbing amoxicillin]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización de carbón activado sintetizado a baja temperatura a partir de cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao) para la adsorción de amoxicilina]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tejada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Candelaria N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almanza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villabona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colpas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fredy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clemente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Program]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena Chemistry Program ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena Faculty of Engineering Food Engineering Program]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-30332017000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-30332017000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-30332017000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this research was synthesize and characterize activated carbon obtained at low temperature from cocoa peel (Theobroma cacao), modified with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) for its subsequent use in the removal of amoxicillin. The biomass was characterized by elemental analysis and the activated carbon was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Surface Area Analysis (BET) in order to determine the chemical composition, morphological and structural characteristics. For the assays of amoxicillin molecular adsorption, was used an aqueous solution of contaminant at 20 ppm, with pH 6 and 9, to which was added 5 g of adsorbent material impregnated with ZnCl2 at 1:3 and 1:4 ratios. These carbons reached surface areas of 287.5 m2/g and 205.4 m2/g, respectively, with average pore sizes from 3 to 4 nm. The percentage of amoxicillin removal was influenced by the pH of the solution to be treated, reaching the highest percentages of adsorption when the pH was acid; removal values achieved for activated carbon 1:3 were 75.4 % and 67.2 %, while for the activated carbon 1:4 were 65.2 % and 56.7 % for solutions at pH 6 and 9, correspondingly. It concludes that the activated carbon obtained at low temperature has potential to remove amoxicillin in aqueous solution and becomes a good alternative due to the availability of the residue.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue sintetizar y caracterizar carbón activado obtenido a baja temperatura a partir de la cascara de cacao (Theobroma cacao), la cual se modificó con cloruro de zinc (ZnCl2) para su uso en la remoción de amoxicilina. La biomasa fue caracterizada mediante análisis elemental y el carbón activado mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM), difracción de rayos X (DRX) y análisis de área superficial (BET) con el fin de determinar la composición química, las características morfológicas y estructurales. En los ensayos de adsorción molecular de amoxicilina se utilizó una solución acuosa con una concentración de 20ppm del contaminante a pH 6 y 9, a la cual se le agregó 5g del material adsorbente impregnado con Cloruro de zinc a relaciones 1:3 y 1:4. Para los carbones activados 1:3 y 1:4 se alcanzaron áreas superficiales de 287,5 m2/g y 205,4 m2/g respectivamente, con tamaños de poro promedio de 3 a 4 nm. El porcentaje de remoción de amoxicilina se vio influenciado por el pH de la solución a tratar, alcanzándose los mayores porcentajes a pH ácidos, los valores de remoción alcanzado para el carbón activado 1:3 fueron de 75,4% y 67,2%, mientras que para el carbón activado 1:4 fueron 65,2% y 56,7% para las soluciones pH 6 y 9, respectivamente. Se concluye que el carbón activado obtenido a baja temperatura es un buen material para remover amoxicilina en solución.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Activated carbon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adsorption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bio-char]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emerging contaminants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[low temperature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adsorción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[baja temperatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bio-carbón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbón activado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminantes emergentes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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