<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3033</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería y competitividad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. compet.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3033</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-30332021000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/iyc.v23i1.9466</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Use of the Blue Ocean Strategy to obtain ports 4.0]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empleo de la Estrategia del Océano Azul para obtener puertos 4.0]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noemí]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Cancelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicoletta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soler-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camarero-Orive]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Transporte y Territorio]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Departamento de Informática ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-30332021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-30332021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-30332021000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The fourth industrial revolution is characterized by a high level of digitalization of systems and processes. This revolution has reached the Spanish ports. They have been investing for years in the implementation of new technologies, aimed at promoting sustainability and environmental quality, as well as seeking a more efficient and orderly logistics. Ports are moving towards their digital transformation, which is materialized in the well-known Ports 4.0. These intelligent ports, or Smart Ports, cover a multitude of aspects and variables. Automation, digitalization, technologies that allow interoperability, transparency, decentralization, and customer experience define the context of the application of the concept 'Ports 4.0' to the Spanish logistics-port sector. How to achieve a satisfactory digitization process that allows progress towards Port 4.0 in the Spanish port system is one of the questions being raised recently. The Spanish port world could be represented by a red ocean, since in a very generalist way it can be said that it is a marked described by a fierce competition lacking in differentiation. Therefore, with this proposal, the aim is to take the Spanish port system to a blue ocean, where a suitable strategy and innovation generate leaps in value that make competitors irrelevant because customers compare different products and services. To be able to respond to this, the Blue Ocean Strategy is planted, leaving aside the competition between ports and generating new demand. From the study carried out, it is concluded that Spanish ports still have a long way to go in terms of sustainability. It also concludes that a new management model would mean the innovation in value that is necessary for the process towards ports 4.0.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La cuarta revolución industrial se caracteriza por una alta digitalización de los sistemas y los procesos. Esta revolución ha llegado a los puertos españoles. Estos llevan años invirtiendo en la implantación de nuevas tecnologías dirigidas a impulsar la sostenibilidad y la calidad medioambiental, así como a buscar una logística más eficiente y ordenada. Los puertos avanzan imparablemente hacia su transformación digital, que se materializa en los conocidos Puertos 4.0. Estos puertos inteligentes o Smart Ports, abarcan multitud de aspectos y variables. Automatización, digitalización, tecnologías que permiten la interoperabilidad, transparencia, descentralización y experiencia del cliente definen el contexto de aplicación del concepto &#8216;Puertos 4.0&#8217; al sector logístico-portuario español. Cómo alcanzar un proceso de digitalización satisfactorio que permita avanzar hacia puerto 4.0 en el sistema portuario español es una de las cuestiones que se están planteando en los últimos tiempos. El mundo portuario español podría representarse por un océano rojo, pues de forma muy generalista, se puede decir que está marcado por una feroz competencia carente de diferenciación. Por ello, con la propuesta lo que se pretende es llevar al sistema portuario español a un océano azul, donde una estrategia e innovación adecuada generan saltos de valor que hacen que los competidores sean irrelevantes porque los clientes comparan productos y servicios absolutamente diferentes. Para poder dar respuesta a ello se planta la Estrategia del Océano Azul, dejando de lado la competencia entre puertos y generando una nueva demanda. Del estudio desarrollado se concluye que los puertos españoles aún tienen un largo camino que recorrer en materia de sostenibilidad. Asimismo, se concluye que un nuevo modelo de gestión supondría la innovación en valor que necesaria en el proceso hacía puertos 4.0.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Blue ocean strategy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Digitalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ports 4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estrategia Océano azul]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Digitalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Puertos 4]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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