<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3033</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería y competitividad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. compet.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3033</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-30332022000100034</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/iyc.24i1.11267</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Antibióticos de alto consumo en Colombia, excreción en orina y presencia en aguas residuales - una revisión bibliográfica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Highly consumed antibiotics in Colombia, excretion in urine and the presence in wastewater - a review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serna-Galvis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Efraím A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yudy L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jazmín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Universitaria Remington Facultad Ciencias de la Salud Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Instituto de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-30332022000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-30332022000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-30332022000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los antibióticos son fármacos relevantes para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas de origen microbiano en humanos y animales, estas sustancias son frecuentemente encontradas en el ambiente, sobre el cual ejercen un impacto negativo. Considerando esto, la presente revisión bibliográfica se enfoca en los antibióticos de mayor consumo en Colombia, su excreción vía orina y su presencia en aguas residuales, a partir de informes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), artículos de investigación, documentos académicos y bases de datos. La revisión de la literatura evidenció que los antibióticos de mayor consumo en Colombia son los betalactámicos (principalmente penicilinas como la amoxicilina, ampicilina y dicloxacilina; y cefalosporinas como la cefalexina, ceftriaxona y cefradina); seguidos por las fluoroquinolonas (como la ciprofloxacina); algunas tetraciclinas (como la doxiciclina); y macrólidos (como la azitromicina). Estos antibióticos de mayor consumo presentan niveles de excreción (sin cambios) en la orina superiores al 30%, y particularmente la ciprofloxacina, la azitromicina y el sulfametoxazol son encontrados con alta frecuencia en las aguas residuales y ambientales colombianas. Es importante remarcar que el presente trabajo se constituye en un documento de base sobre el consumo, excreción y presencia de antibióticos en aguas residuales de Colombia, con información accesible para la comunidad en general, y representa un punto de partida para trabajos futuros sobre consumo de fármacos, impacto de los antibióticos sobre las aguas ambientales colombianas, e investigaciones sobre alternativas de eliminación de estos fármacos en matrices como la orina.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Antibiotics are relevant pharmaceuticals for the treatment of infectious diseases having a microbial origin in humans and animals. These substances are frequently found in the environment, inducing a negative impact. Therefore, the present review focuses on the most consumed antibiotics in Colombia, their excretion via urine and their presence in wastewater, considering reports from the World Health Organization (WHO), research articles, academic reports, and databases. Beta-lactams (mainly penicillins such as amoxicillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin; and cephalosporins such as cephalexin, ceftriaxone and cephradine) are the most consumed antibiotics in Colombia, followed by fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin), tetracyclines (such as doxycycline), and macrolides (such as azithromycin). The most consumed antibiotics show excretion percentages (as unchanged substances) in the urine greater than 30%. Additionally, antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and sulfamethoxazole are frequently found in colombian wastewater and environmental water. It is important to mention that this work is an initial approach on the consumption, excretion and presence of antibiotics in wastewater in Colombia, with information accessible to the general community. Also, this work represents a starting point for future works on pharmaceuticals consumption, impact of antibiotics in environmental water, and research on alternatives for elimination of these substances in aqueous matrices such as urine.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pharmaceuticals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[excretion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wastewater]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua residual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[excreción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fármacos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[orina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<surname><![CDATA[Dale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Swiss for Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[waterworld.com]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
