<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3033</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería y competitividad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. compet.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3033</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-30332022000200004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/iyc.v24i2.11333</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vitrification process to stabilize a smelting slag: preliminary study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Proceso de vitrificación para estabilizar una escoria de fundición: estudio preliminar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Agredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Janneth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narváez-Legarda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosquera-Idrobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palmira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Occidente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-30332022000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-30332022000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-30332022000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this study is to carry out a preliminary evaluation of vitrification process, which used as a method to stabilize a secondary lead smelting slag, in order to facilitate its handling or final disposal. Vitrification consists of processing a waste at high temperatures with vitrifying agents, to obtain a product chemically stabilized, allowing the inertization of a hazardous waste. In this study, slag and a sand residue used as vitrifying were characterized, through of X-ray Fluorescence (FRX), X-ray Diffraction (DRX) and Laser granulometry, in order to determine vitrification process parameters. Experimental batches were formulated for the vitrification process with slag, sand and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and were processed to 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C for 2 hours. Additionally, the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) technique was applied in order to determine the mobility of heavy metals contained in slag and vitrified products. As a result, it was found the vitrified at 1200ºC presented more homogeneous textures, partially amorphous, although some products presented crystalline phases. It can be concluded that the vitrification process was effective for the stabilization of the slag, with 60% slag and 40% sand, such as Pb, Se, As, because it presented a significant reduction in heavy metal leaching, complying with the standard.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación preliminar de un proceso de vitrificación, para estabilizar una escoria de fundición de plomo secundario, con el fin de facilitar su manejo y/o disposición final. El proceso de vitrificación consiste en someter un residuo a altas temperaturas con agentes vitrificantes, donde se obtiene un producto con alta estabilidad química, permitiendo inertizar en gran medida un residuo peligroso. Para este estudio, se caracterizó la escoria de fundición de plomo y un residuo de arena utilizado como vitrificante, a través de las técnicas de Fluorescencia de Rayos X (FRX), Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y granulometría Láser, con el fin de determinar los parámetros del proceso de vitrificación. Seguidamente, se formularon los lotes experimentales con escoria, arena y carbonato de sodio (Na2CO3) y, se sometieron a temperaturas de 1000, 1100 y 1200 ºC durante 2 horas. Los productos obtenidos del proceso fueron analizados a través de las técnicas de Espectroscopía de Infrarrojo y de DRX. Adicionalmente, se aplicó la técnica de TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) para determinar la movilidad de los metales pesados contenidos en la escoria y los productos vitrificados. Como resultado del proceso de vitrificación se encontró que a 1200 ºC los productos presentaron texturas más homogéneas, parcialmente amorfas, con algunas fases cristalinas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir, que el proceso de vitrificación fue efectivo utilizando una mezcla de 60% escoria y 40% de arena, debido a que presentó una reducción significativa en la lixiviación de metales pesados, tales como Pb, Se y As, cumpliendo la norma para TCLP.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lead smelting slag]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[solid wastes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stabilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vitrification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[waste management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escoria de fundición de plomo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estabilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo de residuos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[residuos sólidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vitrificación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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