<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3068</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Caldas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3068</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Caldas. Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones y Postgrados]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-30682011000100014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[CLAVE ILUSTRADA PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS FAMILIAS DE PENTATO MOMORPHA (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA) DE DISTRIBUCIÓN NEOTROPICAL]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ILUSTRATED KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PENTATO MOMORPHA (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA) FAMILIES IN NEOTRO PICAL DISTRIBUTION]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rengifo-Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ranulfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali Valle]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>168</fpage>
<lpage>187</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-30682011000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-30682011000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-30682011000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta una clave para la identificación de 28 familias de Pentatomomorpha con distribución neotropical. Se muestran figuras en vista dorsal de algunos representantes para cada familia y de las diferentes estructuras mencionadas. Se presenta una sinopsis de las principales referencias para la identificación a nivel de género en el Neotrópico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[A key for identification of 28 Pentatomomorpha in Neotropical distribution families is presented. Figures in dorsal view of some specimens for each family and the different features mentioned are shown. A synopsis of the main references for identification at the genus level in the Neotropic is presented.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[chinches verdaderas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[morfología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[taxonomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[true bugs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[morphology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[taxonomy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <center><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>CLAVE ILUSTRADA PARA LA IDENTIFICACI&Oacute;N DE LAS FAMILIAS DE PENTATO MOMORPHA (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA) DE DISTRIBUCI&Oacute;N NEOTROPICAL<a href="#n0">*</a>    <br>    <br> ILUSTRATED KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PENTATO MOMORPHA (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA) FAMILIES IN NEOTRO PICAL DISTRIBUTION</b></font></center> <font face="verdana" size="2">     <p>     <center><i>Laura A. Rengifo-Correa</i><a href="#n1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>y Ranulfo Gonz&aacute;lez</i><a href="#n1"><sup>1</sup></a></center> </p>     <p> <a name="n0">*</a> FR: 14-II-2011. FA: 15-II-2011.    <br> <a name="n1"><sup>1</sup></a> Grupo de Investigaciones Entomol&oacute;gicas. Universidad del Valle, Calle 13, 100-00, Santiago de Cali, Valle, Colombia. A.A. 25360, Cali. E-mail: <a href="mailto:larecorr@gmail.com">larecorr@gmail.com</a>. </p>     <p>     <center>*****</center> </p> <b>Resumen</b>     <p> Se presenta una clave para la identificaci&oacute;n de 28 familias de Pentatomomorpha con distribuci&oacute;n neotropical. Se muestran figuras en vista dorsal de algunos representantes para cada familia y de las diferentes estructuras mencionadas. Se presenta una sinopsis de las principales referencias para la identificaci&oacute;n a nivel de g&eacute;nero en el Neotr&oacute;pico. </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> <b>Palabras clave</b>: chinches verdaderas, morfolog&iacute;a, taxonom&iacute;a. </p> <b>Abstract</b>     <p> A key for identification of 28 Pentatomomorpha in Neotropical distribution families is presented. Figures in dorsal view of some specimens for each family and the different features mentioned are shown. A synopsis of the main references for identification at the genus level in the Neotropic is presented. </p>     <p> <b>Key words</b>: true bugs, morphology, taxonomy. </p>     <p>     <center>*****</center> </p> </font> <font face="verdana" size="3"><b>INTRODUCCI&Oacute;N</b></font> <font face="verdana" size="2">     <p> Hemiptera es el quinto orden m&aacute;s diverso de insecta (SCHUH & SLATER, 1995). A su vez, Pentatomomorpha es uno de los grupos m&aacute;s grandes de Hemiptera, con 16.211 especies descritas y 40 familias (GRAZIA <i>et al</i>., 2008; HENRY, 2009). Sus especies son reconocidas principalmente como fit&oacute;fagas, aliment&aacute;ndose ya sea de fluidos vasculares o de semillas (SCHUH & SLATER, 1995). Debido a estos h&aacute;bitos, muchos estudios se han enfocado en su importancia como plagas en agricultura. No obstante, tambi&eacute;n hay especies que son consideradas ben&eacute;ficas por sus h&aacute;bitos depredadores, como las de las familias Geocoridae y Pentatomidae (Asopinae) (HENRY, 2009). Adicionalmente, muchas de las especies de las diferentes familias de Pentatomomorpha tienen una amplia distribuci&oacute;n en los ecosistemas terrestres, lo que las destaca como organismos importantes en el medio ambiente (HENRY, 2009). </p>     <p> El infraorden Pentatomomorpha se caracteriza con base en la posici&oacute;n de los tricobotrios del abdomen y la ubicaci&oacute;n relativa de las estructuras tarsales. En el abdomen los tricobotrios pueden estar ubicados: 1) sublateralmente (Pentatomoidea) en los esternitos III-VII y generalmente son dos o tres (o raramente uno o m&aacute;s de tres) (<a href="#f1">Fig. 1A</a>); 2) submedialmente sobre los esternitos III y IV y sublateralmente sobre los esternitos V-VII (<a href="#f1">Fig. 1B</a>); solo en raras ocasiones los tricobotrios est&aacute;n de la siguiente manera: 3) ubicados exclusivamente en los esternitos V-VII en posici&oacute;n sublateral o 4) est&aacute;n completamente ausentes (algunos Piesmatidae). En el tarso, los p&uacute;lvilos son alargados y se unen a la u&ntilde;a en la base de esta &uacute;ltima (Figs. <a href="#f2">2A</a>, <a href="#f2">2B</a>); en otros infra&oacute;rdenes las u&ntilde;as generalmente no tienen p&uacute;lvilos (<a href="#f2">Fig. 2C</a>) y si est&aacute;n presentes, la uni&oacute;n entre la u&ntilde;a y el p&uacute;lvilo es completa, es decir, a lo largo de la u&ntilde;a (Figs. <a href="#f2">2D</a>-<a href="#f2">2F</a>). Se puede consultar la clave para la diferenciaci&oacute;n de infra&oacute;rdenes de Heteroptera en SCHUH & SLATER (1995). Se presentan fotograf&iacute;as de algunos representantes de cada infraorden (<a href="#f3">Fig. 3</a>) y de sus hemi&eacute;litros (<a href="#f4">Fig. 4</a>), para resaltar entre &eacute;stas las caracter&iacute;sticas de los Pentatomomorpha. </p>     <center><a name="f1"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f1.GIF"></a></center>    <br>     <center><a name="f2"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f2.JPG"></a></center>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> FORERO (2008) presenta una sinopsis de los cambios que ha sufrido la sistem&aacute;tica de este infraorden. Entre estos se destaca el trabajo de HENRY (1997a), quien reconoce seis superfamilias (Aradoidea, Coreoidea, Idiostoloidea, Lygaeoidea, Pentatomoidea y Pyrrhocoroidea) y plantea la polif&iacute;lia de Lygaeidae (<i>sensu</i> SCHUH & SLATER, 1995). Para Lygaeoidea, HENRY (1997a) transfiere subfamilias a otras familias (Bledionotinae y Henestarinae a Geocoridae; Psamminae a Piesmatidae; Henicocorinae a Idiostoloidea), eleva algunas subfamilias al rango de familia (Artheneidae, Cryptorhamphidae, Ninidae, Oxycarenidae y Pachygronthidae) y resucita otras al mismo rango (Blissidae, Cymidae, Geocoridae, Heterogastridae, Rhyparochromidae). De otro lado, recientemente GRAZIA <i>et al</i>. (2008) realizaron un an&aacute;lisis de los Pentatomoidea, con cambios subsecuentes en la clasificaci&oacute;n de las familias del grupo. Este estudio plantea, principalmente, a Cydnidae como un grupo parafil&eacute;tico y se se&ntilde;ala a Pentatomidae como un grupo monofil&eacute;tico (incluyendo Aphylinae y Cyrtocorinae). </p>     <p> Los an&aacute;lisis sistem&aacute;ticos han tra&iacute;do consigo cambios en la clasificaci&oacute;n de las familias de Pentatomomorpha. Sin embargo, dichos cambios no han tenido una amplia difusi&oacute;n en Colombia. Tampoco existe una clave actualizada que permita la determinaci&oacute;n de familias de Pentatomomorpha con distribuci&oacute;n Neotropical. Aqu&iacute; se presenta una para facilitar la determinaci&oacute;n de las familias de este grupo, de tal manera que as&iacute; se puedan adelantar otros tipos de estudios. </p> </font> <font face="verdana" size="3"><b>MATERIALES Y M&Eacute;TODOS</b></font> <font face="verdana" size="2">     <p> Se revis&oacute; la literatura (ver referencias) para actualizaci&oacute;n de los taxones presentados en la clave de familias de Pentatomomorpha en el Neotr&oacute;pico. Para las ilustraciones de estructuras y la realizaci&oacute;n de fotograf&iacute;as de familias representativas del infraorden, se revisaron ejemplares de diferentes regiones de Colombia, presentes en las siguientes colecciones: IAvH (Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leiva, Boyac&aacute;), MUSENUV (Museo de Entomolog&iacute;a de la Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca). Este material se proces&oacute; e identific&oacute; en el laboratorio del Grupo de Investigaciones Entomol&oacute;gicas (GIE) de la Universidad del Valle. Las observaciones de estructuras de animales completos o de preparaciones, se realizaron con un estereoscopio NIKON modelo SMZ645 a 20X (ocular 10X y lupa 2X) y un microscopio compuesto NIKON modelo ECLIPSE E200. Las fotograf&iacute;as se realizaron con una c&aacute;mara marca NIKON modelo COOLPIX 4500 adaptada al estereoscopio. Para la determinaci&oacute;n de los espec&iacute;menes se utilizaron trabajos de SCHUH & SLATER (1995) y HENRY (1997a). </p> </font> <font face="verdana" size="3"><b>CLAVE PARA LAS SUPERFAMILIAS Y FAMILIAS DEL INFRAORDEN PENTATO MOMORPHA</b></font> <font face="verdana" size="2">     <p> <b>Traducida y adaptada de HENRY (1997a) y SCHUH & SLATER (1995)</b>    <br>    <br> 1. Tricobotrios abdominales ausentes; cuerpo fuertemente aplanado dorsoventralmente (<a href="#f3">Fig. 3D</a>); tarso 2-segmentados (<a href="#f2">Fig. 2B</a>) .......... ARADOIDEA .......... 2    <br> 1&#39;. Tricobotrios abdominales generalmente presentes (<a href="#f1">Fig. 1</a>); cuerpo no fuertemente aplanado dorsoventralmente; tarsos generalmente 3-segmentados, a veces 2-segmentados .......... 3 </p>     <center><a name="f3"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f3.JPG"></a></center>     <p> 2(1). Alas anteriores con formas varias, a veces casi completamente ausentes; cuerpo el&iacute;ptico, oval o rectangular, generalmente rugoso y a veces granular-rugoso (<a href="#f3">Fig. 3D</a>); de 3-11 mm de longitud .......... Aradidae    <br> 2&#39;. &Aacute;pteros; patas no visibles en vista dorsal; cuerpo ovoide, como escama (<a href="#f3">Fig. 3E</a>), con lamelas laterales adornadas con peque&ntilde;as setas modificadas; cuerpo cubierto con peque&ntilde;as setas con forma de n&oacute;dulos globulares (<a href="#f7">Fig. 7</a>); de 2 a 3 mm de longitud .......... Termitaphididae </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> 3(1&#39;). Todas los tricobotrios abdominales, cuando presentes, en pares laterales (<a href="#f1">Fig. 1A</a>); escudelo largo, extendi&eacute;ndose al menos hasta el &aacute;pice del clavo, frecuentemente cubre gran parte del abdomen (<a href="#f5">Fig. 5</a>); antenas con 4 a 5 anten&oacute;meros, generalmente con 5 .......... PENTATOMOIDEA .......... 4    <br> 3&#39;. Tricobotrios abdominales ventrales, latero-mediales y laterales, al menos algunos en tr&iacute;o (<a href="#f1">Fig. 1B</a>); escudelo relativamente peque&ntilde;o, no se extiende hasta el &aacute;pice del clavo (Figs. <a href="#f6">6</a>, <a href="#f7">7</a>); antenas siempre con 4 anten&oacute;meros .......... 16 </p>     <p> 4(3). Placas mandibulares grandes, casi cubriendo las antenas (<a href="#f5">Fig. 5A</a>); ojos compuestos divididos en dos partes de cada lado de la cabeza; antenas con 3 anten&oacute;meros; grandes; cr&iacute;pticos .......... Phloeidae    <br> 4&#39;. Placas mandibulares no agrandadas como el anterior; ojos compuestos no divididos como el anterior; antenas con 4 o 5 anten&oacute;meros .......... 5 </p>     <p> 5(4&#39;). Antena con 5 anten&oacute;meros, pedicelo subdividido .......... 6    <br> 5&#39;. Antena con 4 anten&oacute;meros .......... 12 </p>     <p> 6(5). Tarso 2-segmentados .......... 7    <br> 6&#39;. Tarso 3-segmentados .......... 9 </p>     <p> 7(6). Escudelo cubriendo completamente el abdomen (<a href="#f5">Fig. 5B</a>); tibia con espinas fuertes .......... Corimelaenidae    <br> 7&#39;. Escudelo no cubre completamente el abdomen; si tibia posterior presenta espinas, estas no son tan fuertes como el anterior .......... 8 </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> 8(7&#39;). Machos con el segmento abdominal 8 grande; proesterno generalmente con una quilla medial comprimida .......... Acanthosomatidae    <br> 8&#39;. Machos con el segmento abdominal 8 peque&ntilde;o o no visible; proesterno generalmente sin una quilla medial comprimida .......... Pentatomidae (parte) </p>     <p> 9(6&#39;). Tibia con dos o m&aacute;s hileras de espinas fuertes (Figs. <a href="#f5">5B</a>, <a href="#f8">8</a>) .......... Cydnidae (parte)    <br> 9&#39;. Tibia con setas pero sin hileras de espinas fuertes .......... 10 </p>     <p> 10(9&#39;). Escudelo grande, convexo, cubriendo la mayor parte del abdomen (Figs. <a href="#f5">5D</a>, <a href="#f5">5E</a>) .......... 11    <br> 10&#39;. Escudelo generalmente triangular, a veces grande, pero no alcanza a cubrir el &aacute;pice del abdomen (<a href="#f5">Fig. 5F</a>) .......... Pentatomidae (parte) </p>     <p> 11(10). Anten&oacute;mero 2 mucho m&aacute;s corto que el 1, casi globoso; margen anterior del pronoto se une a la margen lateral en un arco redondeado; cuerpo casi negro, hemisf&eacute;rico .......... Canopidae    <br> 11&#39;. Anten&oacute;mero 2 no m&aacute;s corto que el 1; m&aacute;rgenes anterolaterales del pronoto angulado; variable en color y forma .......... Scutelleridae </p>     <p> 12(5&#39;). Escudelo grande, en algunos cubre casi completamente el abdomen o el corio .......... 13    <br> 12&#39;. Escudelo generalmente peque&ntilde;o, no cubre el corio o nunca alcanza el &aacute;pice del abdomen, si grande entonces tibias con espinas fuertes .......... 14 </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> 13(12). Escudelo cubre completamente el corio, alcanza o casi alcanza el &aacute;pice del abdomen; tarsos 2-segmentados, hemi&eacute;litros casi dos veces la longitud del abdomen .......... Megarididae    <br> 13&#39;. Escudelo de desarrollo variable, cubriendo gran parte del abdomen; tarsos 2-segmentados en Cyrtocorinae, 3-segmentados en Discocephalinae y Edessinae .......... Pentatomidae (parte) </p>     <p> 14(12&#39;). Clipeo ancho, con 4-5 espinas en un arreglo lineal a lo largo de la margen anterior; tibia con espinas fuertes (<a href="#f8">Fig. 8</a>) .......... Cydnidae (parte)    <br> 14&#39;. Clipeo usualmente sin espinas, pero si las hay, nunca en un arreglo lineal a lo largo de la margen anterior; tibia sin espinas fuertes .......... 15 </p>     <center><a name="f8"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f8.JPG"></a></center>     <p> 15(14&#39;). Membrana de los hemi&eacute;litros con venaci&oacute;n reticulada (<a href="#f5">Fig. 5G</a>) .......... Dinidoridae    <br> 15&#39;. Membrana de los hemi&eacute;litros carece de venaci&oacute;n reticulada (<a href="#f5">Fig. 5H</a>) .......... Tessaratomidae </p>     <center><a name="f5"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f5.JPG"></a></center>     <p> 16(3&#39;). Alados o, en raras ocasiones, &aacute;pteros; membrana del hemi&eacute;litro a los sumo con 4 a 5 venas simples, generalmente sin celdas en la base (<a href="#f4">Fig. 4I</a>) .......... LYGAEOIDEA .......... 17    <br> 16&#39;. Alados; membrana del hemi&eacute;litro con 8 o m&aacute;s venas (<a href="#f4">Fig. 4J</a>), generalmente con celdas .......... 30 </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center><a name="f4"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f4.JPG"></a></center>     <p> 17(16). Ojos pedunculados (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6A</a>) .......... Geocoridae (parte)    <br> 17&#39;. Ojos usualmente s&eacute;siles (Figs. <a href="#f6">6C</a>-<a href="#f6">6D</a>, <a href="#f6">6F</a>, <a href="#f6">6H</a>-<a href="#f6">6L</a>), si pedunculados, su longitud no supera la del ojo .......... 18 </p>     <p> 18(17&#39;). Espir&aacute;culos sobre el segmento abdominal II (primero visible en vista lateral) en posici&oacute;n ventral (<a href="#f1">Fig. 1B</a>) .......... 19    <br> 18&#39; Espir&aacute;culos sobre el segmento abdominal II en posici&oacute;n dorsal .......... 20 </p>     <p> 19(18). Cabeza con tricobotrios; sutura entre los esternitos abdominales IV y V curvada, no unida a la margen lateral del abdomen (Figs. <a href="#f1">1B</a>, <a href="#f9">9A</a>); ovipositor divide, a lo sumo, el esternito VII (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9A</a>) .......... Rhyparochromidae (parte)    <br> 19&#39;. Cabeza sin tricobotrios; sutura entre los esternitos abdominales IV y V recta, unida a la margen lateral del abdomen (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9C</a>); ovipositor divide, al menos los esternitos VI y VII (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9C</a>) .......... Pachygronthidae </p>     <p> 20(18&#39;). Sin ocelos; tarso 2-segmentado .......... Piesmatidae    <br> 20&#39;. Con ocelos; tarso 3-segmentado .......... 21 </p>     <p> 21(20&#39;). Surco asociados a los ocelos en forma de una ligera depresi&oacute;n glabra, ya sea alrededor de los ocelos o como depresi&oacute;n fuerte anterior o entre los ocelos (Figs. <a href="#f10">10A</a>, <a href="#f10">10B</a>) .......... 22    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 21&#39;. Sin surco asociado a los ocelos (<a href="#f10">Fig. 10C</a>) .......... 25 </p>     <p> 22(21). Espir&aacute;culos abdominales de los segmentos V-VI en posici&oacute;n ventral (Figs. <a href="#f9">9D</a>, <a href="#f9">9E</a>) .......... Colobathristidae    <br> 22&#39;. Espir&aacute;culos abdominales de los segmentos V-VI en posici&oacute;n dorsal (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9F</a>) .......... 23 </p>     <p> 23(22&#39;). Primer anten&oacute;mero largo, casi siempre m&aacute;s largo que los anten&oacute;meros II y III, generalmente clavado apicalmente, delgado pero subigual en grosor a los anten&oacute;meros II y III (<a href="#f11">Fig. 11A</a>) .......... Berytidae    <br> 23&#39;. Primer anten&oacute;mero mucho m&aacute;s corto y grueso que los anten&oacute;meros II y III (<a href="#f11">Fig. 11B</a>) .......... 24 </p>     <center><a name="f11"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f11.JPG"></a></center>     <p> 24(23&#39;). Hemi&eacute;litros sin puntos o con solo unos pocos indiferenciables; corio hialino a trasl&uacute;cido, constre&ntilde;ido en la base; cabeza ancha, vertex m&aacute;s ancho que el margen anterior del pronoto; ojos subped&uacute;nculados (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6G</a>) .......... Ninidae    <br> 24&#39;. Hemi&eacute;litros con puntos; opaco, nunca constre&ntilde;ido en la base; cabeza angosta, vertex m&aacute;s estrecho que la margen anterior del pronoto; ojos nunca subped&uacute;nculados (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6H</a>) .......... Cymidae </p>     <p> 25(21&#39;). Espir&aacute;culos abdominales de los segmentos III-IV en posici&oacute;n ventral, entre los lateroterguitos externos y los esternitos, sobre el borde de los esternitos (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9G</a>) .......... 26    <br> 25&#39;. Espir&aacute;culos abdominales de los segmentos III-IV en posici&oacute;n dorsal (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9B</a>) .......... 27 </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> 26(25). Margen lateral del pronoto con una carena ampliamente expandida (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6J</a>); abdomen de la hembra caudalmente redondeado (Fig. 9H); esternito abdominal VII del macho sin peine de setas ventrales .......... Lygaeidae (parte)    <br> 26&#39;. Margen lateral del pronoto redondeado (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6I</a>); abdomen de la hembra caudalmente truncado; esternito abdominal VII del macho con peine transverso de setas ventrales .......... Oxycarenidae </p>     <p> 27(25&#39;). Espir&aacute;culos de los segmentos abdominales V-VI en posici&oacute;n ventral .......... 28    <br> 27&#39;. Espir&aacute;culos de los segmentos abdominales V-VI en posici&oacute;n dorsal (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9I</a>) .......... 29 </p>     <p> 28(27). Ojos sobresalientes y reniformes (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6B</a>) .......... Geocoridae (parte)    <br> 28&#39;. Ojos diferentes al anterior (<a href="#f6">Fig. 6C</a>) .......... Rhyparochromidae (parte) </p>     <center><a name="f6"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f6.GIF"></a></center>     <p> 29(27&#39;). Espir&aacute;culos del segmento abdominal VII en posici&oacute;n dorsal; cada callo del pronoto con un surco impresa, transversa, generalmente brillante; escudelo generalmente con carena en forma de cruz (<a href="#f12">Fig. 12A</a>) .......... Lygaeidae    <br> 29&#39;. Espir&aacute;culos del segmento abdominal VII en posici&oacute;n ventral (<a href="#f9">Fig. 9I</a>); callos del pronoto sin surcos transversos; escudelo sin carena en forma de cruz (<a href="#f12">Fig. 12B</a>) .......... Blissidae </p>     <center><a name="f9"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f9.GIF"></a></center>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     <center><a name="f12"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f12.JPG"></a></center>     <p> 30(16&#39;). Con ocelos; cicatriz de la apertura de la gl&aacute;ndula de olor de los terguitos abdominales IV/V-V/VI generalmente dividida (excepto Rhopalidae) (<a href="#f13">Fig. 13A</a>) .......... COREOIDEA .......... 31    <br> 30&#39;. Sin ocelos; cicatriz de la apertura de la gl&aacute;ndula de olor de los terguitos abdominales IV/V-V/VI nunca dividida (<a href="#f13">Fig. 13B</a>) .......... Pyrrhocoroidea .......... 33 </p>     <p> 31(30). Aur&iacute;cula de la gl&aacute;ndula metator&aacute;cica ausente o muy reducida (<a href="#f13">Fig. 13C</a>) .......... Rhopalidae    <br> 31&#39;. Aur&iacute;cula de la gl&aacute;ndula metator&aacute;cica grande y conspicua (<a href="#f13">Fig. 13D</a>) .......... 32 </p>     <center><a name="f13"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f13.GIF"></a></center>     <p> 32(31&#39;). B&uacute;cula proyectada posteriormente m&aacute;s all&aacute; de la base de la antena (<a href="#f10">Fig. 10D</a>); cabeza m&aacute;s angosta y corta que el pronoto (<a href="#f7">Fig. 7B</a>) .......... Coreidae    <br> 32&#39;. B&uacute;cula no proyectada posteriormente m&aacute;s all&aacute; de la base de la antena (<a href="#f10">Fig. 10E</a>); cabeza tan ancha y larga como el pronoto (<a href="#f7">Fig. 7C</a>) .......... Alydidae </p>     <center><a name="f10"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f10.JPG"></a></center>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> 33(30&#39;). Pronoto expandido lateralmente (<a href="#f7">Fig. 7D</a>); hembras con esternito abdominal VII entero .......... Pyrrhocoridae    <br> 33&#39;. Pronoto no expandido lateralmente (<a href="#f7">Fig. 7E</a>); hembras con esternito abdominal VII medialmente dividido .......... Largidae </p>     <center><a name="f7"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13f7.JPG"></a></center>    <br> </font> <font face="verdana" size="3"><b>COMENTARIOS</b></font> <font face="verdana" size="2">     <p> Las familias mencionadas en la presente clave han sido tratadas en diferentes revisiones a niveles taxon&oacute;micos m&aacute;s espec&iacute;ficos. En la <a href="#t1">Tabla 1</a> se se&ntilde;alan las principales referencias que permiten la determinaci&oacute;n a nivel de g&eacute;nero de la fauna del Neotr&oacute;pico y el n&uacute;mero de g&eacute;neros descritos hasta la fecha (<a href="#t1">Tabla 1</a>). En algunos casos estas referencias permiten, adicionalmente, la identificaci&oacute;n de especies. No obstante, este trabajo no enfatiza en dicho prop&oacute;sito debido a que esta informaci&oacute;n es abundante y est&aacute; dispersa. Para los Pentatomoidea, se recomienda  adicionalmente la revisi&oacute;n de GRAZIA <i>et al</i>. (1999). </p>     <center><a name="t1"><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13t1.JPG"></a></center>     <center><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13t1I.JPG"></center>     <center><img src="img/revistas/bccm/v15n1/v15n1a13t1II.JPG"></center>    <br> </font> <font face="verdana" size="3"><b>AGRADECIMIENTOS</b></font> <font face="verdana" size="2">     <p> Agradecemos el pr&eacute;stamo de espec&iacute;menes por el Instituto de Investigaciones Biol&oacute;gicas Alexander von Humboldt y la Colecci&oacute;n de referencia de la Universidad del Valle. Al doctor Randall T. Schuh (AMNH), al American Museum of Natural History y a Discover Life por el permiso de uso de las fotograf&iacute;as de Canopidae, Cymidae, Dinidoridae, Oxycarenidae, Termitaphididae y Tessaratomidae. Al doctor Jorge L. C. Bernardes (Setor de Entomologia Sistem&aacute;tica: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) por el permiso de uso de la fotograf&iacute;a de Phloeidae. Apreciamos los valiosos aportes y comentarios de los revisores an&oacute;nimos. Gracias a IDEA WILD por la donaci&oacute;n de equipos para el desarrollo de este proyecto. Este trabajo fue financiado por el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog&iacute;a e Innovaci&oacute;n, COLCIENCIAS y la Universidad del Valle a trav&eacute;s del programa Joven Investigador e Innovador. </p>     ]]></body>
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