<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3432</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Íkala]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3432</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela de Idiomas, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-34322021000200349</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.ikala.v26n2a06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Violencia simbólica contra la mujer en los anuncios publicitarios: un análisis visual crítico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Symbolic Violence Against Women in Advertising: A Critical Visual Analysis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Violence symbolique à l&#8217;égard des femmes dans des annonces publicitaires: une analyse visuelle critique]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Lirola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Alicante  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>349</fpage>
<lpage>364</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-34322021000200349&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-34322021000200349&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-34322021000200349&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El discurso publicitario es conocido por contribuir al sexismo y a la reproduc­ción de estereotipos de género. Este artículo se centra en la violencia simbólica que presenta el cuerpo de las mujeres como objeto sexual en textos publicitarios empleados por Dolce &amp; Gabbana en la hoja informativa (newsletter) que envió, a través de la web, regularmente entre 2016 y 2019. La metodología utilizada fue fundamentalmente cualitativa, aunque se tuvieron en cuenta algunos datos cuan­titativos para comprender mejor la estructura del corpus. Para deconstruir los significados representativos, interpersonales y composicionales de los textos se em­pleó la gramática visual de Kress y Van Leeuwen (2006). Los resultados del análisis visual muestran que los cuerpos de las mujeres son utilizados como reclamo publicitario, lo cual contribu­ye a la reproducción de varias formas de violencia simbólica. Tales resultados sugieren la necesidad de revisar la cosificación de los cuerpos femeninos en el discurso publicitario.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Advertising discourse is known to contribute to sexism and to the reproductio of gender stereotypes. This research study focuses on the symbolic violence that presents the body of women as sexual objects in advertising texts used by Dolce &amp; Gabbana in the newsletter that it sent through the web regularly between 2016 and 2019. The methodology is mainly qualitative, although some quantitative data is also provided to better understand the structure of the corpus. To deconstruct the representational, interpersonal and compositional meanings of the advertisements, the study uses Kress and van Leeuwen's (2006) visual grammar as a theoretical framework. The results of the visual analysis show that women&#8217;s bodies are used as advertising "demands," which contributes to reproducing various forms of symbolic violence. Such results suggest the need to reconsider female body objectification in advertising discourse.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Le discours publicitaire est connu par contribuer au sexisme et reproduire des stéréotypes de genre. Cet article se concentrera sur la déconstruction de la violence symbolique qui présente le corps de la femme comme un objet sexuel. Pour ce faire, les textes publicitaires utilisés par Dolce &amp; Gabbana dans leur fiche d&#8217;information (newsletter) qu&#8217;elle envoie régulièrement sur le web entre 2016 et 2019 ont été analysés. La méthodologie est fondamentalement qualitative, bien que certaines données quantitatives soient proposées pour mieux comprendre la structure du corpus. La grammaire visuelle de Kress et van Leeuwen (2006) sera utilisée comme cadre théorique pour déconstruire les significations représentatives, interpersonnelles et compositionnelles des textes. Les résultats montrent que le corps des femmes est utilisé comme une allégation publicitaire qui contribue à reproduire la violence symbolique. Une classification des principaux exemples de violence symbolique retrouvée dans le corpus sera proposée afin de bien faire comprendre la violence sexiste qui est encore employée. Les résultats indiquent la nécessité de réconsidérer la réifications des corps féminins.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mujeres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[discurso publicitario]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia simbólica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis visual crítico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudios de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[women]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[advertising discourse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[symbolic violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical visual analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[femmes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[discours publicitaire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[violence symbolique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[analyse visuelle critique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[études de genre]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ananda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitriani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cigarette advertisements: A systemic functional grammar and multimodal analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>616-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los medios de comunicación en la violencia contra las mujeres: el paradigma de la delgadez]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia y Comunicación Social]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>107-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baykal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multimodal construction of female looks: An analysis of mascara advertisements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dilbilim Ara&#351;t&#305;rmalar&#305; Dergisi]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>39-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rostros visibles de la violencia invisible. Violencia simbólica que sostiene el patriarcado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Venezolana de Estudios de la Mujer]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>32</numero>
<issue>32</issue>
<page-range>63-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La domination masculine]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Éditions du Seuil]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La dominación masculina]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multimodal texts from around the world. Cultural and linguistic insights]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bringas López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oscuros objetos de deseo: construcciones culturales del cuerpo femenino negro en el discurso publicitario]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violencias (in)visibles. Intervenciones feministas frente a la violencia patriarcal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>115-38</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buonanno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender and media studies: Progress and challenge in a vibrant research field]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anàlisi. Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>5-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On language and sexual politics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Women, men and language. A sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>3.a ed</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pearson]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender and discourse analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Handford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Routledge handbook of discourse analysis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>90-103</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidentials in advertising: A sample study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danilina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kizyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maksimova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Euphemisms in advertising discourse: Putting on a positive face and maintaining speech etiquette]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Training, Language and Culture]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Rosso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[There&#8217;s a cream for that: A textual analysis of beauty and body-related advertisements aimed at middle-aged women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Women &amp; Aging]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>185-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McConnell-Ginet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Language and gender]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>España, Jefatura de Estado</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley orgánica de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género, 1/2004 de 28 de diciembre]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de la Presidencia, Relaciones con las Cortes y Memoria Democrática, Gobierno de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baños González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis iconográfico de la publicidad audiovisual de perfumes. El caso J&#8217;Adore]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Icono]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>398-430</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galarza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquembre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medios y violencia simbólica contra las mujeres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latina de Comunicación Social]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>71</numero>
<issue>71</issue>
<page-range>818-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giaccardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seabrook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lippman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Media and modern manhood: Testing associations between media consumption and young men&#8217;s acceptance of traditional gender ideologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sex Roles]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>151-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil Calvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medias miradas. Un análisis cultural de la imagen femenina]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goddard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Language and gender]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halliday]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Language as social semiotic. The sociological interpretation of language and meaning]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Arnold]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halliday]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthiessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M. I. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An introduction to functional grammar]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>3.a ed.</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Arnold]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genre analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maya Khemlani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLellan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Text, discourse and society. Functional and pragmatic approaches to language in use]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>143-63</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Peter Lang]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeffries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Textual construction of the female body. A critical discourse approach]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jerslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The elderly female face in beauty and fashion ads: Joan Didion for Céline]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Cultural Studies]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>349-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Leeuwen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reading images: The grammar of visual design]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<edition>2.a ed.</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caetano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative study of Brazilian and British images of the black body]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multimodal texts from around the world: Cultural and linguistic insights]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>299-324</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violencias (in)visibles. Intervenciones feministas frente a la violencia patriarcal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Icaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Lirola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring new forms of gender violence: Women as objects in plastic surgery&#8217;s leaflets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses (RAEI)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>181-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Lirola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explorando nuevas formas de violencia de género: la mujer como objeto en los folletos de clínicas de estética]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Media Journal Mexico]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>80-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Lirola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deconstruyendo el discurso hegemónico del cuerpo perfecto: explorando la feminidad a través del análisis visual de folletos de clínica de estética]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Feminismos]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<month>a</month>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>113-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Lirola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring the image of women to persuade in multimodal leaflets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theory and Practice in English Studies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<month>b</month>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>27-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Lirola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chovanec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dream of a perfect body come true: Multimodality in cosmetic surgery advertising]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discourse and Society]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>487-507</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproduction of patriarchal hegemony in media texts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electronic Journal of Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>131-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las prácticas corporales de la instrumentalidad a la complejidad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Disciplinas y prácticas corporales. Una mirada a las sociedades contemporáneas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>17-50</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Anthropos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdomo Colina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aproximación discursiva a la construcción de la feminidad en el Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Colombia: 1977-2018]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>681-704</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Moroccan immigrant women in Spain. Honor and marriage]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lexington Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analysing newspapers. An approach from critical discourse analysis]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Media and women image: A feminist discourse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Media and Communication Studies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>48-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Representation of desire and femininity. The advertisement in late-modern consumer culture of Japan]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majstorovi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Living with patriarchy. Discursive constructions of gendered subjects across cultures]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>145-67</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[John Benjamins]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali Bughio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali Kadri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The representation of men and women in advertisements: A critical discourse analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Research Journal of Gender Studies]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>108-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Media and gender stereotyping: The need for media literacy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Research Journal of Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>43-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soley Beltran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Divinas! Modelos, poder y mentiras]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talbot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Language and gender]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<edition>2.a ed.</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical discourse studies: A sociocognitive approach]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Methods of critical discourse analysis]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<edition>2.a ed.</edition>
<page-range>62-86</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Leeuwen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Discourse and practice. New tools for critical discourse analysis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velandia-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estereotipos y roles de género utilizados en la publicidad transmitida a través de la televisión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>517-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdú Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El sufrimiento de la mujer objeto. Consecuencias de la cosificación sexual de las mujeres en los medios de comunicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Feminismo/s]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>167-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Muñecas vivientes. El regreso del sexismo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Turner Publicaciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gender and discourse]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wodak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical discourse analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paltridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Continuum companion to discourse]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>38-53</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Continuum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can beauty advertisements empower women? A critical discourse analysis of the sk-ii&#8217;s &#8220;Change Destiny&#8221; campaign]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theory and Practice in Language Studies]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>176-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
