<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-3475</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. biotecnol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-3475</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-34752023000200033</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v25n2.110727</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of virulence factors in clinical isolates of pathogenic E. coli in avian samples in Caloto, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de factores de virulencia en asilados clínicos de E. coli patogénica en muestras aviares en Caloto, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durango Galván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harold Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enderson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yepes Blandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonny Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kelly Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverri Tirado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal Julio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Alura Animal Health and Nutrition  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo de investigación BIOTECH MOLECULAR  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Grupo de investigación Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET).]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Grupo Genética Molecular (GENMOL)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Grupo de Investigación en Organismos Acuáticos Nativos y Exóticos (GIOANE)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad CES  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>49</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-34752023000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-34752023000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-34752023000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), produces an extraintestinal infection in chickens, turkeys, and other types of birds, called colibacillosis, which is considered one of the main causes of economic losses due to morbidity, mortality, and discard of poultry carcasses. The objective of the present study was to characterize the genetic profile of the virulence factors of different isolates of avian E. coli in Caloto, Cauca, Colombia. Materials and methods: E. coli was isolated and identified by biochemical tests, from 47 clinical isolates. Subsequently, the DNA was extracted using Chelex. Three multiplex PCRs were designed to amplify 13 virulence factors (iroN, hlyF, iss, iutA, frz, vat, sitA, KpsM, sitD, fimH, pstB, sopB, and uvrY), using primers previously reported for each. At the end, the amplification products were verified on agarose gels. Each isolate was classified according to the number of virulence factors: group A (between 10 and 13), group B (between 5 and 9), and group C (4 or less). Discussion and Conclusions: we were able to identify the presence of a group of virulence factors in clinical isolates of APEC, which allows us to demonstrate that both the frequency and the profile of virulence factors in the isolated strains showed a different profile than the reported by other authors. The virulence genes pstB and fimH were detected in all our samples, and the iss gene was the one with the lowest frequency. Finally, according to the number of virulence factors, the group A was the most frequent.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La E. coli patógena aviar (APEC), produce una infección extraintestinal en pollos, pavos y otros tipos de aves, denominada colibacilosis, la cual es considerada una de las principales causas de pérdidas económicas por morbilidad, mortalidad y descarte de canales de aves. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar el perfil genético de los factores de virulencia de diferentes aislamientos de E. coli aviar en Caloto, Cauca, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: E. coli se aisló e identificó mediante pruebas bioquímicas, a partir de 47 aislamientos clínicos. Posteriormente, el ADN se extrajo utilizando Chelex. Se diseñaron tres PCR multiplex para amplificar 13 factores de virulencia (iroN, hlyF, iss, iutA, frz, vat, sitA, KpsM, sitD, fimH, pstB, sopB y uvrY), utilizando primers informados previamente para cada uno. Al final, los productos de amplificación fueron verificados en geles de agarosa. Cada aislamiento se clasificó según el número de factores de virulencia: grupo A (entre 10 y 13), grupo B (entre 5 y 9) y grupo C (4 o menos). Discusión y Conclusiones: pudimos identificar la presencia de un grupo de factores de virulencia en los aislados clínicos de APEC, lo que nos permite demostrar que tanto la frecuencia como el perfil de los factores de virulencia en las cepas aisladas presentaron un perfil diferente al reportado por otros autores. Los genes de virulencia pstB y fimH se detectaron en todas nuestras muestras, siendo el gen iss el de menor frecuencia. Finalmente, según el número de factores de virulencia, el grupo A fue el más frecuente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[APEC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pathogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Molecular characterization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chickens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colibacillosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[APEC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patogénesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pollos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colibacilosis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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