0123-5923
0123-5923
S0123-59232023000100002
10.18046/j.estger.2023.166.4985
Peru
Peru
00
03
2023
00
03
2023
39
166
2
12
[
2020
27
1
1
124-44
]
[
2021
106
]
[
2009
26
26
3-23
]
[
2020
110
538-53
]
[
2017
]
[
2015
53
3
3
625-47
]
[
1996
42
2
2
173-86
]
[
2011
4
]
[
2017
5
]
[
2019
76
2019
2019
36-47
]
[
1986
3
3
71-85
]
[
2019
36
3
3
305-30
]
[
2016
308-17
]
[
2010
17
2
2
193-206
]
[
2013
8
3
3
83-97
]
[
2008
25
3
3
272-86
]
[
2020
110
502-18
]
[
2012
29
S1
S1
21-37
]
[
Forbes
2022
]
[
2006
]
[
2015
83-113
]
[
2022
52
1
1
79-92
]
[
2011
8
1
1
17-37
]
[
2010
52
3
3
106-31
]
[
2003
11
4
4
81-112
]
[
INEI
2021
]
[
2012
29
2
2
257-74
]
[
2005
191
]
[
2020
50
111-2
]
[
2010
31
1164-82
]
[
2019
91
701-18
]
[
2008
463
1-3
1-3
1-126
]
[
2009
10
1
1
89-106
]
[
2022
64
]
[
2020
27
1
]
[
2003
14
1
1
3-17
]
[
1996
13
530-50
]
[
OCDE
Eurostat
2005
3
]
[
2019
4
4
38-66
]
[
2021
19
4
4
]
[
1994
11
15-30
]
[
2022
52
3
3
484-97
]
[
2015
35
59-70
]
[
2020
50
631-47
]
[
2019
180
]
[
2019
]
[
2020
30
76
76
119-30
]
[
2020
6
42-52
]
[
1994
1
105-18
]
[
2017
123
108-19
]
[
1997
14
6
6
]
[
2016
31
4
4
437-48
]
[
UCLA
2021
]
[
2016
6
]
[
1993
2
]
[
2020
10
80
80
]
[
2009
38
10
10
1571-81
]
[
2012
16
4
4
]
[
2018
3
198-225
]
[
World Bank
2020
]
[
World Economic Forum
2019
]
[
2010
29
1
1
120-7
]