<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-7799</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoLógicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoL.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-7799</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-77992019000100149</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22430/22565337.1179</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of the phenol degradation capacity of microalgae-bacteria consortia from the bay of Cartagena, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación de la capacidad de degradación de fenol por consorcios bacteria-microalga aislados de la bahía de Cartagena, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Salguero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vives Florez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Josefina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Husserl Orjuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>158</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-77992019000100149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-77992019000100149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-77992019000100149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The development of new technologies for environmental reparation has allowed the application of inexpensive alternatives such as bioremediation, which has a high potential to treat ecosystems polluted with hydrocarbons. Microalgae-bacteria consortia have been identified as an efficient alternative for the detoxification of organic and inorganic contaminants and the removal of toxic compounds. This work investigates the phenol degradation potential of several alga-microbial consortia, which involved the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and an osmotolerant phenol-resistant bacterial strain isolated from the bay of Cartagena, Colombia. A total of three bacterial strains were tested (i.e. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Microbacterium paraoxydans and Paenibacillus lactis) individually and in consortium with C. reinhardtii. Our data indicate a significant increase in the growth rate and a reduction in the lag phase of microorganisms in the consortium as compared to microorganisms growing in isolation. Interestingly, the inoculum ratio 2:1 (bacteria-microalgae) was shown to be the most robust taking into account that both microorganisms improved their growth. Afterward, the phenol degradation capacity of pure cultures and consortia in the presence of different phenol concentrations was evaluated. Our results reveal that such consortia perform better at low phenol concentrations; more specifically, the consortium Microbacterium paraoxydans-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was the most effective: it reached a 49.89% phenol removal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de remediación ambiental ha permitido la aplicación de alternativas económicas como la bioremediación, que poseen un alto potencial para tratar ecosistemas contaminados con hidrocarburos. El consorcio microalga-bacteria se ha sido identificado como una eficiente alternativa para la detoxificación de contaminantes orgánicos e inorgánicos y la remoción de diversos compuestos tóxicos. En este trabajo, hemos investigado el potencial de degradación de fenol de varios consorcios microalga-bacteria, donde cada uno involucra un alga (i.e. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) y una cepa bacteriana osmotolerante resistente al fenol, aislada de la bahía de Cartagena, Colombia. Un total de tres cepas bacterianas fueron evaluadas (i.e. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Microbacterium paraoxydans and Paenibacillus lactis) individualmente y en consorcio con C. reinhardtii. Nuestros resultados muestran un incremento significativo en la tasa de crecimiento y una reducción en la fase de latencia para los microorganismos creciendo en consorcio, en comparación con los microorganismos creciendo individualmente. Interesantemente, el inóculo con proporción 2:1 (bacteria-microalga) mostró una alta robustez, basados en el hecho que ambos microorganismos mejoraron su crecimiento. EL potencial de degradación de fenol fue evaluado para cultivos puros y consorcios demostrando una mayor actividad a bajas concentraciones de fenol, en donde el consorcio Microbacterium paraoxydans- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii demostró ser el más efectivo con un porcentaje de 49.89% de remoción de fenol.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioremediation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microalgae-bacteria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[consortium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phenol degradation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydrocarbons.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioremediación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microalga-bacteria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[consorcios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[degradación de fenol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hidrocarburos.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suszek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielecka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of aerobic microorganisms in bioremediation in situ of soil contaminated by petroleum products]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresour. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>3221-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurrola-Narváez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio-rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biorremediación de suelo contaminado con hidrocarburos empleando lodos residuales como fuente alterna de nutrientes]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.-P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.-G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.-Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of phenols in environmental water samples by two-step liquid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Talanta]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>2581-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lika]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papadakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling the biodegradation of phenolic compounds by microalgae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Sea Res.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>135-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madigan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chica Rueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piqueras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrachina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brock biologi&#769;a de los microorganismos]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>10</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pearson Educacio&#769;n]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subashchandrabose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramakrishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Megharaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venkateswarlu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naidu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consortia of cyanobacteria/microalgae and bacteria: Biotechnological potential]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotechnol. Adv.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>896-907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maria Filomena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rui Manuel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C. D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chlorella vulgaris as Soil Amendment: Influence of Encapsulation and Enrichment with Rhizobacteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Agric. Biol.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeBashan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bashan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bionota. Bacterias promotoras de crecimiento de microalgas: una nueva aproximación en el tratamiento de aguas residuales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Colomb. Biotecnol.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>85-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weisbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical Evaluation of Two Primers Commonly Used for Amplification of Bacterial 16S rRNA Genes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Environ. Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2461-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whiteley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacterial community structure and physiological state within an industrial phenol bioremediation system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Environ. Microbiol.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2400-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samanthakamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thangaraju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential of freshwater microalgae for degradation of phenol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J. Sci. Res. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulchandani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simultaneous Degradation of Organophosphates and 4-Substituted Phenols by Stenotrophomonas Species LZ-1 with Surface-Displayed Organophosphorus Hydrolase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Agric. Food Chem.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>6171-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microalgae-associated bacteria play a key role in the flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresour. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>195-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riquelme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Probiotic Biofilms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Probiotics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[InTech]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Natrah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorgeloos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Defoirdt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Significance of microalgal-bacterial interactions for aquaculture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Aquac.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>48-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shuler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kargi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bioprocess Engineering Basics concepts]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
