<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-7799</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoLógicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoL.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-7799</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-77992020000100119</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22430/22565337.1361</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design of a Wireless Sensor Network for Optimal Deployment of Sensor Nodes in a Cocoa Crop]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diseño de una red de sensores inalámbricos para el despliegue óptimo de los nodos sensores en un cultivo de Cacao]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Celis-Peñaranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Amado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Casadiego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Byron]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara-Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>134</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-77992020000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-77992020000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-77992020000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this study, factorial experiments were conducted in two different scenarios to design a Wireless Sensor Network for monitoring a cocoa crop in a rural area in Colombia. Node sensors measured temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, Ultra-Violet light, and visible light intensity. The factors considered in the experiments were distance between node sensors, height from the ground, and type of antenna; in turn, Received Signal Strength Indicator and data transfer time were the outputs. The wireless sensor network was deployed in the crop, covering approximately 3 % of the area and using 7 different nodes in a cluster tree topology. First, an open field scenario with line of sight was used to determine the appropriate height of the node sensors. Second, a scenario in the actual cocoa crop was utilized to find the appropriate distance between modules and type of antenna. We found, based on our calculations and experimental data, that a height of 1.25 m was required to avoid the Fresnel zone and improve the RSSI of the network. Furthermore, we determined that a distance below 35 m was needed to guarantee signal reception and avoid long data transfer times. The wire antenna exhibited a better performance. Finally, the proposed methodology and monitoring system can be used for agronomic applications in rural areas in Colombia to increase crop yield.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo se realizaron experimentos factoriales en dos escenarios diferentes, para diseñar una red de sensores inalámbricos, que permita monitorear un cultivo de cacao en una zona rural de Colombia. Los nodos sensores miden la temperatura, la humedad relativa, la humedad del suelo, la luz ultravioleta y la intensidad de la luz visible. Los factores considerados en los experimentos fueron la distancia entre los nodos sensores, la altura con respecto al suelo y el tipo de antena; el indicador de intensidad de señal recibida y el tiempo de transferencia de datos fueron las salidas. La red de sensores inalámbricos se implementó en el cultivo, cubriendo aproximadamente el 3 % del área, utilizando 7 nodos diferentes en una topología de cluster-tree. En primer lugar, se utilizó un escenario de campo abierto con línea de vista para determinar la altura adecuada de los sensores de nodo. Luego, se utilizó un escenario en el cultivo de cacao real para encontrar la distancia adecuada entre los módulos y el tipo de antena. Se obtuvo, por cálculos y datos experimentales, que se requería una altura de 1.25 m para evitar la zona de Fresnel y mejorar el RSSI de la red. Además, se determinó que se necesitaba una distancia inferior a 35 m para garantizar la recepción de la señal y evitar largos tiempos de transferencia de datos. Adicionalmente, la antena tipo Wire exhibió un mayor rendimiento y la metodología propuesta y el sistema de monitoreo se pueden usar para aplicaciones agronómicas en áreas rurales de Colombia, con el fin de aumentar el rendimiento de los cultivos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Wireless sensor networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[factorial experiments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agronomic crop]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[XBee module]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ZigBee wireless]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Red de sensores inalámbricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[experimentos factoriales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivo agronómico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[módulo XBee]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ZigBee inalámbrico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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