<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-7799</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoLógicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoL.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-7799</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-77992023000200201</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22430/22565337.2633</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización de los procesos en el beneficio del cacao (Theobroma cacao L) en producciones a pequeña escala en el municipio de Guamal del Piedemonte llanero colombiano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization of Processes in the Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L) Production at Small Scale in the Municipality of Guamal, Colombian Piedemonte Llanero]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Góngora-Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Espitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Aurelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-77992023000200201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-77992023000200201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-77992023000200201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La producción de cacao es una de las alternativas productivas en la región del Piedemonte llanero. El proceso de cultivo y beneficio del cacao es fundamental para las familias campesinas, el cual se realiza de manera tradicional. En zonas rurales de municipios productores de la región se evidencia el uso de diferentes sistemas tradicionales, donde el cultivo del cacao cumple un rol fundamental en la resiliencia de los pequeños cacaocultores, desde el punto de vista social y económico. Sin embargo, son escasas las investigaciones sobre los procesos de beneficio de cacao en pequeña escala. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar el proceso de beneficio del cacao en producción a pequeña escala del municipio de Guamal, en el Piedemonte llanero de Colombia, teniendo en cuenta las etapas de: cosecha, fermentación, secado y almacenamiento. La información se recolectó mediante la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, las cuales se llevaron a cabo en las unidades productivas de la zona rural del municipio con un cultivo de cacao menor a cuatro hectáreas, denominados pequeños productores. Los principales resultados mostraron que los pequeños agricultores cuentan con mezclas de variedades en sus cultivos, identificándose un total de ocho variedades o clones; se encontró, además, dos sistemas de fermentación: cajón de madera (82 %) y lona plástica (18 %); tres sistemas de secado: marquesina (64 %), casa Elba (29 %) y lona plástica (7 %). Asimismo, se halló que la fuerza laboral recae sobre los adultos mayores y las mujeres, y en algunas unidades productivas realizan procesos de trasformación de derivados del cacao como: bebidas alcohólicas, nibs de cacao, chocolate de mesa y compostaje. No se evidencia preocupación por la calidad final del grano, debido a que no existe un precio diferencial por implementar buenas prácticas poscosecha.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Cocoa production is one of the productive alternatives in the Piedemonte Llanero region, the process of cultivation and processing of cocoa is essential for farming families and is carried out in a traditional way, in rural areas of producing municipalities in the region there is evidence of the use of different traditional systems, cocoa cultivation plays a key role in the resilience of small cocoa farmers, from the social and economic point of view, however, there is little research on the processes of cocoa processing on a small scale. The objective of this research was to characterize the process of cocoa processing in small-scale production in the municipality of Guamal, Meta, Colombia, taking into account the stages of harvesting, fermentation, drying and storage. The information was collected through the application of semi-structured interviews, which were carried out in the productive units of the rural area of the municipality with a cocoa crop of less than 4 hectares, called small producers. The main results showed that small farmers have mixtures of varieties in their crops, identifying a total of eight varieties or clones. Additionally, two fermentation systems were found: wooden boxes (82 %) and plastic sheets (18 %). Three drying systems were also identified: shade structures (64 %), Elba house (29 %), and plastic sheets (7 %). It was also found that the labor force relies on older adults and women, and some productive units carry out processing of cocoa derivatives such as alcoholic beverages, cocoa nibs, table chocolate, and composting. There is no evidence of concern for the final quality of the beans, as there is no differential price for implementing good post-harvest practices.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Agricultura familiar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[beneficio del cacao]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fermentación de cacao]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pequeños productores de cacao]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Theobroma cacao L]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Family agriculture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cacao processing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cacao fermentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small-scale cocoa producers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Theobroma cacao L]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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